Bioavailability and toxicity of nanoscale/bulk rare earth oxides in soil: physiological and ultrastructural alterations in Eisenia fetida
Bioavailability and toxicity of nanoscale/bulk rare earth oxides in soil: physiological and ultrastructural alterations in Eisenia fetida
复制标题
纳米级/块状稀土氧化物在土壤中的生物有效性和毒性：赤子爱胜蚓生理和超微结构的变化
DOI：
10.1039/d1en00116g
复制
发表时间：
2021-05-11
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Rui, Yukui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adeel, Muhammad;Shakoor, Noman;Rui, Yukui
稀土氧化物（REOs）在土壤中的积累与纳米磷肥的施用有关，但它们对蚯蚓物种的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了低浓度（25、50 mg kg(-1)）、中浓度（100、200 mg kg(-1)）和高浓度（500、1000 mg kg(-1)）镧和镱（La2O3、Yb2O3）的纳米级和体积reos对土壤质量和蚯蚓健康的影响。纳米级和块状Yb2O3的生物蓄积比La2O3高12-28%，并呈剂量依赖性。在100 mg kg（-1）浓度下，纳米级和散装La2O3和Yb2O3分别使蚯蚓死亡率降低33-35%和13-15%，繁殖率降低10-32%和10-12%。超微结构观察显示，500-1000 mg kg（-1）的纳米级和大量REO诱导线粒体、高尔基体和叶绿体等内部细胞器发生异常。与散装材料相比，纳米级REOs在中、高浓度下显著降低了蚯蚓的消化酶和铸酶20-80%。蚯蚓通过尽量减少接触微生物生物量碳和土壤酶来减少土壤中的REO毒性。数据表明，超过50-100 mg kg（-1）的REOs对土壤微生物群有不利影响；这些发现对农业系统中reo的命运和影响提供了重要的理解。
The accumulation of rare earth oxides (REOs) in soils is linked with application of nanoscale phosphatic fertilizers, but their effects on earthworm species are poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of nanoscale and bulk-REOs of lanthanum and ytterbium (La2O3, Yb2O3) at low (25, 50 mg kg(-1)), intermediate (100, 200 mg kg(-1)) and high (500, 1000 mg kg(-1)) concentrations on soil quality and earthworm health. The bioaccumulation of nanoscale and bulk Yb2O3 was 12-28% greater than La2O3 and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. At 100 mg kg(-1), nanoscale and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 induced earthworm mortality by 33-35% and 13-15%, and reduced reproduction by 10-32% and 10-12%, respectively. Ultrastructural observations reveal that nanoscale and bulk REO at 500-1000 mg kg(-1) induced abnormalities in internal organelles, including mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and chloragosomes. Nanoscale REOs significantly reduced earthworm digestive and cast enzymes by 20-80% at medium and high concentrations as compared to bulk materials. Earthworms reduced REO toxicity in the soil by minimizing exposure to microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes. The data show that REOs beyond 50-100 mg kg(-1) adversely impact soil microbiota; these findings provide important understanding of the fate and effects of REOs in agricultural systems.