Occurrence and source analysis of selected antidepressants and their metabolites in municipal wastewater and receiving surface water
Occurrence and source analysis of selected antidepressants and their metabolites in municipal wastewater and receiving surface water
复制标题
城市废水和受纳地表水中选定的抗抑郁药及其代谢物的存在和来源分析
DOI：
10.1039/c8em00077h
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Xu, Gang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Luo-dan;Li, Jian;Xu, Gang
在上海市黄浦江干流和三条支流等4个污水处理厂及其接收水中检测出7种常用抗抑郁药物（阿米替林、氟西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、文拉法辛、安非他酮）及其3种代谢物。所选抗抑郁药在废水和接收水中的浓度水平均为ng -1水平，但除帕罗西汀、去甲氟西汀和去甲替林的浓度水平外，废水中发现的抗抑郁药通常比接收水中的浓度水平高出一到两个数量级。文拉法辛及其代谢物o -去甲基文拉法辛是主要化合物（在废水和接收水中分别高达132.04和173.68 ng L-1, 3.03和4.53 ng L-1）。根据四个污水处理厂中选定抗抑郁药物的大量负荷，与其他国家相比，本研究中舍曲林在废水中的大量负荷处于最高水平。通过Spearman相关性分析，重要的发现是采样点H11和H13更容易受到侧污染源（三甲医院和制药厂A级堆积区）的污染，而不是点污染源（WWTP 1和WWTP2）的污染。结果表明，除文拉法辛在软体动物废水中的RQ小于1外，其他抗抑郁药的RQ均小于0.1。这表明抗抑郁药的浓度水平不会对水生生物构成高风险，但仍应引起持续关注。
Seven commonly utilized antidepressants (amitriptyline, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and bupropion) and three of their metabolites were detected in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and corresponding receiving waters including the mainstream and three of the tributaries of Huangpu River, Shanghai. The concentration levels of selected antidepressants in wastewater and receiving water were both at ng L-1 level, but those antidepressants that were found in wastewater were typically in a range of one and even two orders of magnitude higher than those that were present in the receiving water except for the concentration levels of paroxetine, norfluoxetine, and nortriptyline. Venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine were the primary compounds (reaching up to 132.04 and 173.68 ng L-1 as well as 3.03 and 4.53 ng L-1 in wastewater and receiving water, respectively). Based on the mass loadings of selected antidepressants in four WWTPs, the mass loading of sertraline in effluent for this study was at the highest level when compared to other countries. The important finding was that the sampling sites H11 and H13 were much more likely to be polluted by side-pollution sources (the accumulation areas of Grade A of Class-three hospitals and pharmaceutical factories) than point pollution sources (WWTP 1 and WWTP2) through analysis of Spearman correlation. The results have shown that the RQs for these antidepressants were less than 0.1 except for the RQ of venlafaxine in an effluent for mollusks, which was less than 1. This indicated that the concentration levels of antidepressants would not pose a high risk for aquatic organisms, but sustained attention should still be paid.