Natural nonequilibrium states in quantum statistical mechanics
Natural nonequilibrium states in quantum statistical mechanics
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1018618704438
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Ruelle, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruelle, D
讨论了一个量子自旋系统，在这个系统中，在一个有限的区域内，热在无限的储层之间发生。一个与时间有关的力也可能起作用。我们的分析是基于关于无限量子自旋系统的时间演化的一个简单的技术假设。这个假设在物理上是自然的，但目前只在几个特定的系统中得到了证明，它说量子信息在时空中以这样的方式扩散，即局部可观测的对易子的时间积分收敛：积分（-∞）(0)dt \\ [B, α (t) a] \\ <∞。在这种情况下，我们可以定义一个自然的非平衡开始。在与时间无关的情况下，这种非平衡状态保留了KMS平衡状态的一些可分析性。还得到了一个在远离平衡状态时仍然成立的线性响应公式。本文提出的形式不包括（对于时间无关力）自然非平衡态的时间平移不变性和唯一性被打破的情况。
A quantum spin system is discussed where a heat now between infinite reservoirs takes place in a finite region. A time-dependent force may also be acting. Our analysis is based on a simple technical assumption concerning the time evolution of infinite quantum spin systems. This assumption, physically natural but currently proved for few specific systems only, says that quantum information diffuses in space-time in such a way that the time integral of the commutator of local observables converges: integral(-infinity)(0) dt \\ [ B, alpha(t)A] \\ < infinity. In this setup one can define a natural nonequilibrium start. In the rime-independent case, this nonequilibrium state retains some of the analyticity which characterizes KMS equilibrium states. A linear response formula is also obtained which remains true far from equilibrium. The formalism presented ht re does not cover situations where (for time-independent forces) the time-translation invariance and uniqueness of the natural nonequilibrium state are broken.