Phenotypic correlates of pelvic spine coloration in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): implications for function and evolution
Phenotypic correlates of pelvic spine coloration in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): implications for function and evolution
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-022-03256-9
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发表时间：
2022-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
McKinnon，Jeffrey S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson，Christopher M.;McKinnon，Jeffrey S.
动物的色块在表达上可能是静态的或可塑的，也可能是可隐藏的或连续可见的，但这些着色方面的进化和功能很少被一起研究。我们调查了这样的颜色图案元素使用threespine刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）。尽管棘鱼婚姻的颜色模式演变的研究历史丰富，但关于选择压力和功能的分歧仍然存在，只有有限的研究解决了骨盆脊柱着色的作用，这是一个潜在的重要，基本上是隐藏的，颜色模式的元素。我们调查了（i）男性骨盆脊柱（沿着喉咙和身体）的颜色是否是相对静态的或塑料在整个生殖周期，（ii）当骨盆脊柱提出与隐藏在整个行为环境，（iii）颜色补丁和男性行为之间的关联。我们发现，在整个生殖阶段的脊柱颜色没有显着的变化，而身体的颜色是更多的塑料和强烈的红色在求爱和蛋/鱼苗护理。显眼的骨盆脊柱着色，而不是不同的行为，通过增加勃起频率在社会交往中，并在回应模型捕食者。脊柱勃起频率与增强脊柱颜色可见度的行为呈正相关，即，逃到巢里这些发现表明，棘鱼使用骨盆棘来显示强烈的红色斑块faculitaries，无论是作为一个补充，以类似的身体着色或可能作为一个替代品。重要性声明颜色斑块之间的相互作用，无论是容易隐藏或总是可见的研究很少，特别是在生物体与斑块的一个单一的个人，在不同的能力隐藏，例如三棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）。虽然已经做了很多工作的颜色在棘鱼的进化，很少有解决模式的表达和进化功能的骨盆棘的颜色，这可以是facultimely隐藏。我们评估了雄性脊椎着色在产卵期的表达特征，以及脊椎颜色与其他颜色斑块的关系。我们的工作还研究了骨盆脊柱勃起和脊柱色块呈现之间的关系，并提出了骨盆脊柱颜色自然选择和在不同行为环境中发挥作用的可能性。
Animal color patches may be static or plastic in expression and concealable or continuously visible, yet the evolution and function of these aspects of coloration have seldom been studied together. We investigated such color pattern elements using the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Despite a rich history of study of stickleback nuptial color pattern evolution, disagreement persists regarding selection pressures and function and only limited research has addressed the role of pelvic spine coloration, a potentially important, and substantially concealable, color pattern element. We investigated (i) whether male pelvic spine (along with throat and body) coloration is relatively static or plastic across the reproductive cycle, (ii) when pelvic spines are raised versus concealed across behavioral contexts, and (iii) associations between color patches and behavior in males. We found no significant variation in spine color across reproductive stages whereas body color was more plastic and intensely red during courtship and egg/fry care. Conspicuousness of pelvic spine coloration instead varied behaviorally, through increased erection frequency during social interactions and in response to a model predator. Spine erection frequency was positively associated with behaviors that enhance spine color visibility, i.e., flees and leads to nest. These findings suggest that stickleback use pelvic spines to display an intensely red color patch facultatively, either as a complement to similar body coloration or possibly as a substitute.Significance statementThe interplay between color patches that are either readily concealable or always visible has been little studied, particularly in organisms with patches on a single individual that differ in capacity for concealment, such as the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). While much work has been done on the evolution of coloration in stickleback, little has addressed patterns of expression and evolutionary functions of pelvic spine color, which can be facultatively concealed. We evaluated the expression characteristics of male spine coloration within the spawning period and how spine color relates to other color patches. Our work also examines the relationship between pelvic spine erections and presentation of spine color patches and raises the possibility of pelvic spine color being naturally selected and functioning across different behavioral contexts.