Impact of censusing and research on wildlife populations
Impact of censusing and research on wildlife populations
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DOI：
10.1111/csp2.264
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发表时间：
2020-10-08
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Langwig, Kate E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kilpatrick, A. Marm;Hoyt, Joseph R.;Langwig, Kate E.
种群监测和研究对于保护野生动物至关重要，但这些活动可能直接影响所研究的种群。这些活动往往受到限制，以尽量减少干扰，必须根据所获得的知识来权衡影响。然而，很少有研究量化的研究或人口普查相关的访问频率对人口的影响，低访问率已被假设为几乎没有影响。冬眠中的蝙蝠被假设对来访特别敏感，因为它们只有有限的能量储存来度过冬天，而干扰可能会部分耗尽这些储存。我们研究了三种冬眠蝙蝠，小棕蝠（鼠耳蝠lucifugus），印第安纳州蝙蝠（鼠耳蝠sodalis）和三色蝙蝠（Perimyotis subflavus），无论是之前和之后检测到的疾病白鼻综合征的人口增长率的影响，现场访问频率。我们没有发现任何证据表明更频繁的访问会降低这些物种的人口增长率。估计的系数要么与假设的符号相反（种群增长率随访问频率增加），要么相对于空间和时间变化（5.9-32%）非常小（种群增长率差异0.067% [SE 2.5%]-1.8% [SE 9.8%]）。相比之下，白鼻综合征对种群增长率的影响很容易被检测到，并且在统计学上得到了很好的表征（效应大小为4.4-8.0;在病原体检测后的第二年和第三年发生了严重的种群下降），这表明我们有足够的能力检测影响。这些结果表明，访问频率（forM。sodalis：年度与半年计数; forM. lucifugus和P. subflavus：1-3，每年3次研究访问）对蝙蝠种群增长率的影响是不可检测的，无论是否有新出现的传染病的额外压力。从人口普查和研究中获得的知识如果能用于了解和保护该物种，可能会超过人类访问造成的干扰。
Population monitoring and research are essential for conserving wildlife, but these activities may directly impact the populations under study. These activities are often restricted to minimize disturbance, and impacts must be weighed against knowledge gained. However, few studies have quantified the effects of research or census-related visitation frequency on populations, and low visitation rates have been hypothesized to have little effect. Hibernating bats have been hypothesized to be especially sensitive to visitation because they have limited energetic stores to survive winter, and disturbance may partly deplete these stores. We examined the effect of site visitation frequency on population growth rates of three species of hibernating bats, little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) and tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), both before and after detection of the disease white-nose syndrome. We found no evidence that more frequent visits decreased population growth rates for any of these species. Estimated coefficients were either the opposite sign as hypothesized (population growth rates increased with visitation frequency) or were very small (difference in population growth rates 0.067% [SE 2.5%]-1.8% [SE 9.8%]) relative to spatial and temporal variation (5.9-32%). In contrast, white-nose syndrome impacts on population growth rates were easily detected and well-characterized statistically (effect sizes 4.4-8.0; severe population declines occurred in the second and third years after pathogen detection) indicating that we had sufficient power to detect effects. These results indicate that visitation frequency (forM. sodalis:annual vs. semi-annual counts; forM. lucifugusandP. subflavus:1-3 three research visits per year) had undetectable impacts on bat population growth rates both with and without the additional stress of an emerging infectious disease. Knowledge gained from censuses and research may outweigh disturbance due to human visitation if it can be used to understand and conserve the species.