The evolution of nocturnal behaviour in sweat bees, Megalopta genalis and M-ecuadoria (Hymenoptera: Halictidae):: an escape from competitors and enemies?
The evolution of nocturnal behaviour in sweat bees, Megalopta genalis and M-ecuadoria (Hymenoptera: Halictidae):: an escape from competitors and enemies?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00399.x
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Fernández, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wcislo, WT;Arneson, L;Fernández, H
蜜蜂中反复发生向微光觅食（黎明前、黄昏、夜间）的进化转变，并且可能与逃离敌人或竞争对手有关。然而，迄今为止，几乎没有信息可以检验这些假设。在这里，我们首次提供了关于两种新热带夜行汗蜂 Megalopta genalis 和 M. ecuadoria（膜翅目：Halictidae）筑巢行为的详细信息。雌性兼性群居或独居，并在枯木上筑巢。夜间觅食行为是双峰的。蜜蜂在日落后（类似于18时30分）开始采食，约1小时后停止采食，尽管带有花粉的夜花仍然丰富；第二次觅食发生在黎明前，大约在 04:45 左右开始，在日出前后（大约 06:15 左右）结束，此时日间盛开的花朵十分丰富。蜜蜂能够在充足的光照下进行受控飞行。他们利用来自冠层和林下植物物种的花粉，这些植物具有白天或夜间花粉花期。大翅目昆虫的巢穴受到蚂蚁等多面性捕食者以及内寄生蝇 Melaloncha sp 的攻击。十一月（Phoridae）、甲虫 Macrosaigon gracilis（Rhipophoridae）、寄生黄蜂 Lophostigina cincta（Mutillidae）和巢寄生物 Megalopta byroni（Halictidae）。巢穴的总体存活率与昼行性近亲相当，但大翅目的细胞寄生率（远低于 5%）远低于日间飞行性近亲，这为夜间行为的进化能够逃避天敌的假设提供了一定的支持。 (C) 2004 年伦敦林奈学会。
Evolutionary transitions to dim-light foraging (predawn matinal, crepuscular, nocturnal) have occurred repeatedly in bees, and may be associated with an escape from enemies or competitors. To date, however, little information has been available to test these hypotheses. Here we provide the first detailed information on the nesting behaviour of two species of Neotropical, nocturnal sweat bees, Megalopta genalis and M. ecuadoria (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Females are facultatively social or solitary, and construct nests in dead wood. Nocturnal foraging behaviour is bimodal. Bees began foraging after sunset (similar to18:30 h) and ceased foraging approximately 1 h later even though nocturnal flowers with pollen were still abundant; a second foraging bout occurred in the predawn morning, which began at similar to04:45 h and ended around sunrise (similar to06:15 h) when diurnal-blooming flowers were abundant. Bees are capable of controlled flight in full light. They utilized pollen from both canopy and understory plant species, which have diurnal or nocturnal pollen anthesis. Megalopta nests are attacked by generalist predators such as ants, as well as the endoparasitic fly Melaloncha sp. nov. (Phoridae), the beetle Macrosaigon gracilis (Rhipophoridae), the parasitic wasp Lophostigina cincta (Mutillidae), and the brood parasite Megalopta byroni (Halictidae). Overall nest survivorship rates were comparable to those for diurnal relatives, but rates of cell parasitism for Megalopta (much less than 5%) were substantially lower than they are for day-flying relatives, offering some support for the hypothesis that the evolution of nocturnal behaviour enables escape from natural enemies. (C) 2004 The Linnean Society of London.