The Roles of Monuments for the Dead during the Aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake
The Roles of Monuments for the Dead during the Aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake
复制标题
东日本大地震中死难者纪念碑的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.021
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Sebastien Penmellen and Akihiro Shibayama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boret;Sebastien Penmellen and Akihiro Shibayama
本文探讨了东日本大地震后5年中灾难纪念馆的作用。在集体经历灾难之后，社会形成了各种哀悼和缅怀悲剧及其受害者的方式。其中一项战略是树立纪念碑，供哀悼者、幸存者、政治家、宗教领袖和其他来访者表达他们的悲痛，向死者致敬，声援受灾社区，并纪念这场灾难。尽管悲痛的过程在事件发生后立即开始，但矛盾的是，死者的纪念馆是在事件发生后数年甚至数十年才建成的。原因可能是纪念馆往往被认为只是一种“记忆手段”。然而，限制它们作为灾难物证的作用，就是忽视它们在灾后初期对社区的作用。为此，本研究报告了东日本大地震幸存者纪念碑所发挥的实际作用。它反映了有形（纪念碑及其周围环境）和无形维度（悲伤，社会纽带，记忆）的重要性。本文件最后提出了一些一般性建议，其依据是，纪念活动是一系列相辅相成的纪念做法，共同有助于减轻灾后社区遭受的损失的影响。
This paper examines the roles of disaster memorials during the five years that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). After the collective experience of catastrophe, societies develop various modes of grieving and remembering the tragedies and their victims. One of these strategies consists of the erection of monuments where mourners, survivors, politicians, religious leaders and other visitors may process their sorrows, pay their respects to the dead, express their solidarity with the affected community, and remember the catastrophe. Despite the fact that the grieving process starts immediately after the event, memorials for the dead are paradoxically built years, if not decades, after the events. The reason might be that memorials are often conceived solely as ‘mnemonic devices.’ However, to limit their role as material testimonies of catastrophes is to ignore the functions they hold for communities during the immediate aftermath. In response, this study reports on the practical roles played by memorial monuments for the survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. It reflects on the significance of both their tangible (the monument and its surroundings) and intangible dimensions (grief, social bonds, memories). The paper concludes a few of general recommendations based on the idea that memorials compose a matrix of complementary practices of remembrance that together contribute to reducing the impact of the losses suffered by post-disaster communities.