Differential induction of proinflammatory cytokines in primary mouse astrocytes and microglia by coronavirus infection.
Differential induction of proinflammatory cytokines in primary mouse astrocytes and microglia by coronavirus infection.
复制标题
冠状病毒感染对原代小鼠星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞中促炎细胞因子的差异诱导。
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-33012-9_73
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhang,Xuming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu,Dongdong;Zhang,Xuming
1. INTRODUCTION nervous system (CNS) diseases. The severity of the diseases is influenced by both viral and host factors. The strain JHM is highly neurovirulent while A59 is low neurovirulent, although both strains cause encephalitis and demyelination. By contrast, strain MHV-2 is non-neurovirulent, causing only mild meningitis but no encephalitis and demyelination. 1 Studies have shown that the viral spike protein is the major determinant for neurovirulence. Recombinant A59/JHM-S, which contains the JHM spike gene in the A59 genomic background, exhibited a neurovirulent phenotype in C57BL/6 mice similar to that of JHM2 while A59/MHV2-S (Penn-98-1), which contains the spike of MHV-2, caused acute encephalitis but did not cause demyelination. 3 Thus, the spike can modulate the viral pathogenic phenotype. The host immune system also plays a critical role in the onset and progression of the CNS disease. There is clear evidence showing that MHV-induced CNS diseases are often accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration in the CNS. Some studies using immunodeficient mice showed that the demyelination induced by JHM is largely immune-mediated, whereas others using RAG1-/-mice found that the immune system is not absolutely required for the demyelination when mice are infected with A59. 4, 5 Therefore, the precise role of individual components of the immune system in the demyelination process is not known.The role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been observed during the course of CNS disease of mice infected with JHM and A59. Infection of primary mouse astrocytes and microglia with A59 significantly induced proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α and IL-6, while infection with MHV-2 did not. 6 Thus, the ability of the virus strains to induce cytokines
