A further test of sequential-sampling models that account for payoff effects on response bias in perceptual decision tasks
A further test of sequential-sampling models that account for payoff effects on response bias in perceptual decision tasks
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DOI：
10.3758/pp.70.2.229
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diederich, Adele
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文献类型：
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作者：
Diederich, Adele
最近，Diederich和Busmeyer(2006)评估了三个假设，这些假设是序贯抽样模型的特定版本，用于解释有时间限制的知觉决策任务中收益的影响。边界变化假设指出，收益会影响决策过程的起始位置到每个决策边界的距离。漂移率变化假说认为，收益会影响决策过程的漂移率。两阶段加工假说假设有两个加工过程，一个用于处理收益，另一个用于处理刺激信息，在给定的试验中，注意力从一个过程切换到另一个过程。后一种假设对他们的数据做出了最好的解释。本研究考察了两个问题：(1)实验环境是否会影响决策，从而影响假设的适合性？为了回答这个问题，一项任务在两个实验环境中进行--在给定的一组试验中，使用三个不同的支付矩阵和四个不同的时间限制，使时间限制或支付矩阵保持不变。(2)会不会是参与者忽视了某些试验的回报和其他试验的刺激信息？为了研究这一观点，我们考虑了另一个假说，即混合过程假说。与两阶段处理假说一样，它假定有两个过程，一个是收益过程，另一个是刺激信息过程。然而，它与先前的假设不同，它假设在给定的试验中，只有一个过程运行，而不是两个都运行。目前的设计对选择概率没有影响，但可能影响了选择反应时间(RTS)。总体而言，两阶段加工假设在选择概率和选择对内观察到的平均反应时和平均反应时模式方面给出了最好的解释。
Recently, Diederich and Busemeyer (2006) evaluated three hypotheses formulated as particular versions of a sequential-sampling model to account for the effects of payoffs in a perceptual decision task with time constraints. The bound-change hypothesis states that payoffs affect the distance of the starting position of the decision process to each decision bound. The drift-rate-change hypothesis states that payoffs affect the drift rate of the decision process. The two-stage-processing hypothesis assumes two processes, one for processing payoffs and another for processing stimulus information, and that on a given trial, attention switches from one process to the other. The latter hypothesis gave the best account of their data. The present study investigated two questions: (1) Does the experimental setting influence decisions, and consequently affect the fits of the hypotheses? A task was conducted in two experimental settings-either the time limit or the payoff matrix was held constant within a given block of trials, using three different payoff matrices and four different time limits-in order to answer this question. (2) Could it be that participants neglect payoffs on some trials and stimulus information on others? To investigate this idea, a further hypothesis was considered, the mixture-of-processes hypothesis. Like the two-stage-processing hypothesis, it postulates two processes, one for payoffs and another for stimulus information. However, it differs from the previous hypothesis in assuming that on a given trial exactly one of the processes operates, never both. The present design had no effect on choice probability but may have affected choice response times (RTs). Overall, the two-stage-processing hypothesis gave the best account, with respect both to choice probabilities and to observed mean RTs and mean RT patterns within a choice pair.