Magical thinking decreases across adulthood.

Magical thinking decreases across adulthood.
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DOI:
10.1037/pag0000208
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发表时间:
2017-12
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Multhaup KS
Multhaup KS
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brashier NM;Multhaup KS

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神奇的思维,或者像迷信这样的不合逻辑的因果推理,在童年时期会减少,但几乎没有数据表明这种发展轨迹是否会在整个生命周期中持续下去。在四项实验中,魔幻思维在成年后逐渐减少。这种模式在两个判断领域重复,不能用年龄相关的歧义容忍度、领域特定知识或意义搜索的差异来解释。这些数据补充并扩展了几十年来积累的经验对老年人判断的指导作用,从而使老年人的判断达到甚至超过年轻人的表现。他们也违背了参与者的期望和文化说法(例如,“老妇人的故事”),这些说法表明老年人特别迷信。
Magical thinking, or illogical causal reasoning such as superstitions, decreases across childhood, but almost no data speak to whether this developmental trajectory continues across the lifespan. In four experiments, magical thinking decreased across adulthood. This pattern replicated across two judgment domains and could not be explained by age-related differences in tolerance of ambiguity, domain-specific knowledge, or search for meaning. These data complement and extend findings that experience, accumulated over decades, guides older adults’ judgments so that they match, or even exceed, young adults’ performance. They also counter participants’ expectations, and cultural sayings (e.g., “old wives’ tales”), that suggest that older adults are especially superstitious.
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