Varicella zoster virus infection.
Varicella zoster virus infection.
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水痘带状疱疹病毒感染。
DOI：
10.1038/nrdp.2015.16
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发表时间：
2015-07-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yamanishi K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gershon AA;Breuer J;Cohen JI;Cohrs RJ;Gershon MD;Gilden D;Grose C;Hambleton S;Kennedy PG;Oxman MN;Seward JF;Yamanishi K
水痘带状疱疹病毒 (VZV) 感染会导致水痘（水痘），对于免疫功能低下的个体、婴儿和成人来说，水痘的病情可能会很严重。原发感染之后是神经节神经元的潜伏期。在此期间，没有病毒颗粒产生，也没有发生明显的神经元损伤。病毒的重新激活会导致病毒复制，从而导致相关神经元支配的组织出现带状疱疹、炎症和细胞死亡，这一过程可能导致持续性神经根痛（带状疱疹后神经痛）。带状疱疹后神经痛的发病机制不明，治疗困难。此外，还可能出现其他带状疱疹并发症，包括脊髓炎、颅神经麻痹、脑膜炎、中风（血管病变）、视网膜炎和胃肠道感染，如溃疡、胰腺炎和肝炎。 VZV 是唯一可提供高效疫苗的人类疱疹病毒。水痘或疫苗接种后，野生型和疫苗型水痘带状疱疹病毒都会建立潜伏期，并形成对水痘的长期免疫力。然而，免疫力并不能防止重新激活。因此，使用两种疫苗：一种用于预防水痘，一种用于预防带状疱疹。在本入门知识中，我们讨论水痘带状疱疹病毒感染的发病机制、诊断、治疗和预防，重点是调节这些疾病的分子事件。有关本入门指南的图解摘要，请访问：http://go.nature.com/14×VI1
Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), which can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, infants and adults. Primary infection is followed by latency in ganglionic neurons. During this period, no virus particles are produced and no obvious neuronal damage occurs. Reactivation of the virus leads to virus replication, which causes zoster (shingles) in tissues innervated by the involved neurons, inflammation and cell death — a process that can lead to persistent radicular pain (postherpetic neuralgia). The pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia is unknown and it is difficult to treat. Furthermore, other zoster complications can develop, including myelitis, cranial nerve palsies, meningitis, stroke (vasculopathy), retinitis, and gastroenterological infections such as ulcers, pancreatitis and hepatitis. VZV is the only human herpesvirus for which highly effective vaccines are available. After varicella or vaccination, both wild-type and vaccine-type VZV establish latency, and long-term immunity to varicella develops. However, immunity does not protect against reactivation. Thus, two vaccines are used: one to prevent varicella and one to prevent zoster. In this Primer we discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VZV infections, with an emphasis on the molecular events that regulate these diseases. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/14×VI1