Protected areas support more species than unprotected areas in Great Britain, but lose them equally rapidly
Protected areas support more species than unprotected areas in Great Britain, but lose them equally rapidly
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109884
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发表时间：
2023-01-07
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Isaac, Nick J. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooke, Rob;Mancini, Francesca;Isaac, Nick J. B.
保护区是一个重要的保护工具，但它们在长期维持生物多样性方面的有效性却很少被量化。在这里，我们基于 1990 年至 2018 年间类似的 100 万条发生记录，使用区域化（保护区与非保护区）贝叶斯占用检测模型对 1238 个无脊椎动物物种进行 1 公里分辨率评估保护区的有效性（主要是英格兰）。我们量化了物种丰富度、物种趋势和成分变化（时间 beta 多样性；分解为损失和增益）。我们报告了两个功能组（传粉者和捕食者）以及稀有和常见物种的总体结果。虽然我们发现保护区的物种平均比未受保护的地区多 15%，但保护区和未保护区的占用率下降幅度相似，物种组成也发生了 27% 的变化，损失超过了收益。传粉媒介的减少尤其严重。尽管如此，与未受保护的地区相比，保护区被更多的本地新颖传粉媒介物种所占据，这表明它们可能充当范围转移传粉媒介的“着陆场”。我们发现保护区内的稀有物种数量几乎翻倍（尽管保护区和非保护区内的稀有物种趋势相似）；然而我们发现保护区内常见物种的数量急剧下降。我们的结果强调了受保护和未受保护区域的无脊椎动物的强烈重组和损失。因此，我们呼吁建立更有效的保护区，并结合更广泛的行动，以扭转生物多样性丧失的曲线 - 我们提供了量化有效性的工具包。我们必须抓住机遇，随着时间的推移有效保护生物多样性。
Protected areas are a key conservation tool, yet their effectiveness at maintaining biodiversity through time is rarely quantified. Here, we assess protected area effectiveness across sampled portions of Great Britain (primarily England) using regionalized (protected vs unprotected areas) Bayesian occupancy-detection models for 1238 invertebrate species at 1 km resolution, based on similar to 1 million occurrence records between 1990 and 2018. We quantified species richness, species trends, and compositional change (temporal beta diversity; decomposed into losses and gains). We report results overall, for two functional groups (pollinators and predators), and for rare and common species. Whilst we found that protected areas have 15 % more species on average than unprotected ones, declines in occupancy are of similar magnitude and species composition has changed 27 % across protected and unprotected areas, with losses dominating gains. Pollinators have suffered particularly severe declines. Still, protected areas are colonized by more locally-novel pollinator species than unprotected areas, suggesting that they might act as 'landing pads' for range-shifting pollinators. We find almost double the number of rare species in protected areas (although rare species trends are similar in protected and unprotected areas); whereas we uncover disproportionately steep declines for common species within protected areas. Our results highlight strong invertebrate reorganization and loss across both protected and unprotected areas. We therefore call for more effective protected areas, in combination with wider action, to bend the curve of biodiversity loss - where we provide a toolkit to quantify effectiveness. We must grasp the opportunity to effectively conserve biodiversity through time.