Turn-taking, timing, and planning in early language acquisition
Turn-taking, timing, and planning in early language acquisition
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DOI：
10.1017/s0305000915000689
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Clark, Eve V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casillas, Marisa;Bobb, Susan C.;Clark, Eve V.
幼儿回答问题的延迟时间比成年人长，而且他们要到几年后才能达到典型的成年人反应时间。我们假设，这种儿童计时延迟的长期模式是由相互竞争的需求造成的：为了给出答案，儿童必须理解一个问题，同时计划和启动他们的反应。即使孩子们长大了，在这个过程中变得更有效率，对他们的要求也增加了，因为他们的言语反应变得更加复杂。我们分析了1岁、8岁到3岁、5岁的照顾者和他们的孩子之间的对话式问答序列，发现孩子们(1)启动简单答案的速度比复杂的更快，(2)从小就启动简单的答案，以及(3)随着年龄的增长更快地启动复杂的答案。我们的结果表明，孩子们的目标是从一开始就做出快速反应，在较早获得的答案类型上有所改进，同时开始练习较晚获得的、较慢的答案类型。
Young children answer questions with longer delays than adults do, and they don't reach typical adult response times until several years later. We hypothesized that this prolonged pattern of delay in children's timing results from competing demands: to give an answer, children must understand a question while simultaneously planning and initiating their response. Even as children get older and more efficient in this process, the demands on them increase because their verbal responses become more complex. We analyzed conversational question-answer sequences between caregivers and their children from ages 1;8 to 3;5, finding that children (1) initiate simple answers more quickly than complex ones, (2) initiate simple answers quickly from an early age, and (3) initiate complex answers more quickly as they grow older. Our results suggest that children aim to respond quickly from the start, improving on earlier-acquired answer types while they begin to practice later-acquired, slower ones.