The multifarious effects of dispersal and gene flow on contemporary adaptation
The multifarious effects of dispersal and gene flow on contemporary adaptation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01228.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Hendry, Andrew P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garant, Dany;Forde, Samantha E.;Hendry, Andrew P.
1.扩散和基因流动可以对进化产生各种相互作用的影响。这些效应可以通过遗传或人口途径促进或限制适应性分歧。这些影响的相对重要性是未知的，因为很少有人试图在概念上整合和测试它们。我们在有与没有强共同进化动力的情况下进行了广泛的区分。这种区别是重要的，因为对于一个给定的人口的自适应峰值是更多的移动的在前者比后者。这种差异使得持续的进化潜力在强共同进化动力存在的情况下比在它们不存在的情况下更重要。我们提出了一个概念整合的各种影响的基因流和扩散的适应性分歧。与其他作者一致，但不一定是出于相同的原因，我们认为中等水平的基因流动将允许最大的适应性差异。当扩散是相当低的，我们预测，增加将有积极的影响，适应性分歧，由于遗传/人口救援和“强化”。“在小种群和同质环境中，救援效果可能更重要。强化效应在大种群和异质环境中可能更常见。一旦达到一定程度的扩散，我们预测，进一步增加可能会产生负面影响的适应性分歧。如果超过承载能力或引入适应不良的基因，这些影响可能会出现。许多其他的影响仍然需要整合到这个框架中，这样做可能会产生新的见解，影响生态时间尺度上的进化的因素。
1. Dispersal and gene flow can have a variety of interacting effects on evolution. These effects can either promote or constrain adaptive divergence through either genetic or demographic routes. The relative importance of these effects is unknown because few attempts have been made to conceptually integrate and test them.2. We draw a broad distinction between situations with vs. without strong coevolutionary dynamics. This distinction is important because the adaptive peak for a given population is more mobile in the former than in the latter. This difference makes ongoing evolutionary potential more important in the presence of strong coevolutionary dynamics than in their absence.3. We advance a conceptual integration of the various effects of gene flow and dispersal on adaptive divergence. In line with other authors, but not necessarily for the same reasons, we suggest that an intermediate level of gene flow will allow the greatest adaptive divergence.4. When dispersal is quite low, we predict that an increase will have positive effects on adaptive divergence, owing to genetic/demographic rescue and 'reinforcement.' The rescue effect may be more important in small populations and in homogeneous environments. The reinforcement effect may be more common in large populations and in heterogeneous environments.5. Once a certain level of dispersal is reached, we predict that a further increase may have negative effects on adaptive divergence. These effects may arise if carrying capacity is exceeded or maladaptive genes are introduced.Many additional effects remain to be integrated into this framework, and doing so may yield novel insights into the factors influencing evolution on ecological time-scales.