A Process-Based Soil Erosion Model for USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project Technology
A Process-Based Soil Erosion Model for USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project Technology
复制标题
DOI：
10.13031/2013.31195
复制
发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
M. Nearing;G. R. Foster;L. Lane;S. Finkner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Nearing;G. R. Foster;L. Lane;S. Finkner
为美国农业部新的侵蚀预报技术开发了一个估算坡面土壤水蚀的模型。阐述了分离、运输和沉积过程。该模型采用稳态泥沙连续性方程预测细沟和细沟间的过程。细沟中的净分离被认为是发生在水流的水力剪应力超过土壤的临界剪应力和细沟中的泥沙负荷小于输沙能力时。当输沙量大于输沙能力时，计算净淤积量。细沟侵蚀速率取决于输沙量与输沙量的比值、细沟可蚀性、水力剪应力、地表覆盖度、地下残体和固结度。细沟水力学被用来计算剪切应力和简化的传输方程，校准与雅林传输方程，被用来计算在细沟输送能力。细沟间侵蚀是降雨强度、残茬覆盖、林冠覆盖和细沟间土壤可蚀性的函数。该模型具有估计净土壤流失空间分布的能力，旨在适应地形、表面粗糙度、土壤性质、水文和山坡土地利用条件的空间变异。
ABSTRACT Amodel was developed for estimating soil erosion by water on hillslopes for use in new USDA erosion prediction technology. Detachment, transport, and deposition processes were represented. The model uses a steady-state sediment continuity equation for predicting rill and interrill processes. Net detachment in rills is considered to occur when the hydraulic shear stress of flow exceeds the critical shear stress of the soil and when sediment load in a rill is less than the sediment transport capacity. Net deposition is calculated when the sediment load is greater than the transport capacity. Rill detachment rate is dependent upon the ratio of sediment load to transport capacity, rill erodibility, hydraulic shear stress, surface cover, below ground residue, and consolidation. Rill hydraulics are used to calculate shear stresses and a simplified transport equation, calibrated with the Yalin transport equation, is used to compute transport capacity in rills. Interrill erosion is represented as a function of rainfall intensity, residue cover, canopy cover, and interrill soil erodibility. The model has capabilities for estimating spatial distributions of net soil loss and is designed to accommodate spatial variability in topography, surface roughness, soil properties, hydrology, and land use conditions on hillslopes..