Reforestation substantially changed the soil antibiotic resistome and its relationships with metal resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and pathogens.
Reforestation substantially changed the soil antibiotic resistome and its relationships with metal resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118037
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Song Zhang;Ting Li;Jinming Hu;Kexin Li;Dong Liu;Haixia Li;Fang Wang;Danhong Chen;Zejin Zh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song Zhang;Ting Li;Jinming Hu;Kexin Li;Dong Liu;Haixia Li;Fang Wang;Danhong Chen;Zejin Zh
揭示重新造林对土壤抗生素抗性组的影响对于评估生态系统健康至关重要，但相关研究仍然很少。在这里，以确定土壤抗生素抗性基因组的反应，重新造林，30对农田和森林土壤样品，从中国西南部，一个地区具有高度的环境异质性。十多年前，所有的森林都是从农田中开垦出来的。利用宏基因组测序和实时荧光定量PCR技术，分析了土壤抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、金属抗性基因（MRG）、移动的遗传元件（MGEs）和病原菌的多样性和丰度。结果表明，退耕还林显著提高了土壤微生物丰度，增加了土壤Cu、全碳、全氮、总有机碳和铵态氮的含量。但降低了土壤Zn、Ba、硝态氮和速效磷的含量。在该地区确定的主要土壤ARGs是万古霉素，多药耐药基因，杆菌肽。退耕还林使土壤ARG丰度增加了62.58%，但使土壤ARG丰度降低了16.50%。造林对重金属抗性基因和病原菌的丰度没有显著影响，但MGE的丰度增加了一倍。此外，重新造林大大降低了ARG与MRG和病原体的共现频率。相反，重新造林大大增强了ARG和MGE之间的相关性。同样，土壤ARG丰度和环境因素之间的相关性也加强了重新造林。这些结果表明，退耕还林可以显著影响土壤抗生素抗性组，并通过降低ARG含量对土壤健康产生积极影响，为评估“退耕还林绿色”工程对土壤健康的影响提供了重要信息。
Revealing the effects of reforestation on soil antibiotic resistome is essential for assessing ecosystem health, yet related studies remain scarce. Here, to determine the responses of the soil antibiotic resistome to reforestation, 30 pairs of cropland and forest soil samples were collected from southwestern China, a region with high environmental heterogeneity. All the forests had been derived from croplands more than one decade ago. The diversity and abundance of soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), metal resistance genes (MRGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and pathogens were determined by metagenomic sequencing and real-time PCR. The results showed that reforestation significantly increased soil microbial abundance and the contents of Cu, total carbon, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and ammonium nitrogen. Nevertheless, it decreased the contents of soil Zn, Ba, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The main soil ARGs identified in this region were vancomycin, multidrug, and bacitracin resistance genes. Reforestation significantly increased the soil ARG abundance by 62.58%, while it decreased the ARG richness by 16.50%. Reforestation exerted no significant effects on the abundance of heavy metal resistance genes and pathogens, but it doubled the abundance of MGEs. Additionally, reforestation substantially decreased the co-occurrence frequencies of ARGs with MRGs and pathogens. In contrast, the correlation between ARGs and MGEs was greatly enhanced by reforestation. Similarly, the correlations between soil ARG abundance and environmental factors were also strengthened by reforestation. These findings suggest that reforestation can substantially affect the soil antibiotic resistome and exerts overall positive effects on soil health by decreasing ARG richness, providing critical information for assessing the effects of “grain for green” project on soil health.