Prototype wireless sensors for monitoring subsurface processes in snow and firn
Prototype wireless sensors for monitoring subsurface processes in snow and firn
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DOI：
10.1017/jog.2018.76
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
E. Bagshaw;N. Karlsson;L. B. Lok;B. Lishman;L. Clare;K. Nicholls;S. Burrow;J. Wadham;O. Eisen;H. Corr;P. Brennan;D. Dahl-Jensen
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作者：
E. Bagshaw;N. Karlsson;L. B. Lok;B. Lishman;L. Clare;K. Nicholls;S. Burrow;J. Wadham;O. Eisen;H. Corr;P. Brennan;D. Dahl-Jensen
摘要 冰雪融水的检测和监测提出了重大的监测挑战。通过在东格陵兰冰芯项目现场的干雪区进行测试，我们探索了小型无线传感器（ETracer+、ET+）测量温度、压力、电导率以及冰雪内是否存在融水的潜力。所测试的传感器平台体积小、坚固耐用且成本低，并通过 VHF 无线电链路将数据传输到地面接收器。这些传感器被部署在冰流中心和剪切边缘的低温冰雪中长达 4 周，并使用“水桶实验”来测试干燥冰雪中水的检测。测试表明 ET+ 可以记录地下温度，并将记录的数据传输到最远 150 m 的干燥土壤中。测试了两个 VHF 接收器：一个自主相敏无线电回声探测仪 (ApRES) 和一个 WinRadio。 ApRES 可以将冰层的高分辨率成像（通过无线电回波探测）与传感器的原位测量相结合，以建立地下的高空间和时间分辨率图像。这些结果表明无线传感器在长期监测钢铁过程方面具有巨大潜力。
ABSTRACT The detection and monitoring of meltwater within firn presents a significant monitoring challenge. We explore the potential of small wireless sensors (ETracer+, ET+) to measure temperature, pressure, electrical conductivity and thus the presence or absence of meltwater within firn, through tests in the dry snow zone at the East Greenland Ice Core Project site. The tested sensor platforms are small, robust and low cost, and communicate data via a VHF radio link to surface receivers. The sensors were deployed in low-temperature firn at the centre and shear margins of an ice stream for 4 weeks, and a ‘bucket experiment’ was used to test the detection of water within otherwise dry firn. The tests showed the ET+ could log subsurface temperatures and transmit the recorded data through up to 150 m dry firn. Two VHF receivers were tested: an autonomous phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (ApRES) and a WinRadio. The ApRES can combine high-resolution imaging of the firn layers (by radio-echo sounding) with in situ measurements from the sensors, to build up a high spatial and temporal resolution picture of the subsurface. These results indicate that wireless sensors have great potential for long-term monitoring of firn processes.