Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot
Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2015.182
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Bruns, Thomas D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Glassman, Sydney I.;Levine, Carrie R.;Bruns, Thomas D.
严重野火发生后，松树的恢复取决于外生菌根 (ECM) 真菌孢子的存活并作为森林树木再生的伙伴。我们利用一场大规模、严重的天然森林火灾烧毁了我们的长期研究地块来测试 ECM 真菌对火灾的反应。我们在加州环火前后使用松树幼苗生物测定和高通量测序对 ECM 孢子库进行了采样。我们发现 ECM 孢子库真菌在火灾中幸存下来，并在原位和生物测定幼苗的定植中占主导地位，但也有一些特定的适应火灾的真菌，例如 Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus，在火灾后数量增加。 ECM真菌在火前生测苗、火后生测苗和原位苗中定殖的频率呈强正相关。然而，火灾通过消除一些稀有物种而降低了 ECM 孢子库的丰富度，并且孢子库的密度降低了，大量产生未定植幼苗的土壤样本证明了这一点。我们的结果表明，尽管 ECM 接种量减少，但 ECM 孢子库群落基本保持完整，即使在高强度火灾之后也是如此。我们使用 Illumina 的先进技术进行数据质量控制，并发现不同方法的结果一致。此外，简单的温室生物测定可用于确定哪些真菌将在火灾后繁殖。与植物种子库类似，一组特定的原生孢子库真菌利用火灾后的开放生态位空间。
After severe wildfires, pine recovery depends on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal spores surviving and serving as partners for regenerating forest trees. We took advantage of a large, severe natural forest fire that burned our long-term study plots to test the response of ECM fungi to fire. We sampled the ECM spore bank using pine seedling bioassays and high-throughput sequencing before and after the California Rim Fire. We found that ECM spore bank fungi survived the fire and dominated the colonization of in situ and bioassay seedlings, but there were specific fire adapted fungi such as Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus that increased in abundance after the fire. The frequency of ECM fungal species colonizing pre-fire bioassay seedlings, post-fire bioassay seedlings and in situ seedlings were strongly positively correlated. However, fire reduced the ECM spore bank richness by eliminating some of the rare species, and the density of the spore bank was reduced as evidenced by a larger number of soil samples that yielded uncolonized seedlings. Our results show that although there is a reduction in ECM inoculum, the ECM spore bank community largely remains intact, even after a high-intensity fire. We used advanced techniques for data quality control with Illumina and found consistent results among varying methods. Furthermore, simple greenhouse bioassays can be used to determine which fungi will colonize after fires. Similar to plant seed banks, a specific suite of ruderal, spore bank fungi take advantage of open niche space after fires.