THE POLITICS OF RISK AND EU GOVERNANCE OF HUMAN MATERIAL.
THE POLITICS OF RISK AND EU GOVERNANCE OF HUMAN MATERIAL.
复制标题
风险政治和欧盟对人类材料的治理。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Farrel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Farrel
本文探讨了欧盟风险治理的政治关系到人的物质。有人认为，政治背景已通知的方式，在各种类型的人类材料的风险已被定义为政策问题，在欧盟层面。这反过来又影响到管理这些问题的体制安排的设计和/或持久性。有人进一步指出，这种政治背景导致该地区的风险治理严重脱节。这种情况发生在两个方面。首先，机构和利益相关者要求在该领域采取更广泛的风险治理方法，而欧盟第152（4）（a）条允许采用风险监管制度，规定血液，组织/细胞和器官的最低质量和安全标准。其次，它导致了体制安排的发展，促进了风险治理的分叉方法，特别是与血液和组织/细胞有关的方法。虽然采用了传统和新的治理机制相结合的办法来解决这一脱节问题，但这仍然给该领域已经很复杂的风险治理体制安排又增加了一层。有人建议，需要一个更综合的方法来欧盟的风险管理有关的人的材料。实施这种方法将有助于提高决策过程的清晰度、透明度和问责制，这可以增强公众对欧盟一级政治敏感治理领域的信任。
This paper examines the politics of EU risk governance in relation to human material. It is argued that the political context has informed the way in which risks in relation to various types of human material have come to be defined as policy problems at EU level. In turn, this has influenced the design and/or persistence of institutional arrangements to manage such problems. It is further argued that this political context has resulted in a significant level of disconnection in risk governance in the area. This has happened in two ways. First, there has been a growing level of disconnection between institutional and stakeholder demands for a more expansive approach to risk governance in the area and the narrowly-circumscribed competence under Article 152(4)(a) EC, which permits the adoption of risk regulation regimes that set minimum standards of quality and safety in relation to blood, tissue/cells and organs. Second, it has led to the development of institutional arrangements that promote a bifurcated approach to risk governance, specifically in relation to blood and tissues/cells. Although a hybrid of traditional and new governance mechanisms have been employed to address this problem of disconnection, this has nevertheless added a further layer to already complex institutional arrangements for risk governance in the area. It is suggested that a more integrated approach to EU risk governance in relation to human material is needed. Implementing such an approach would contribute to greater clarity, transparency and accountability in decision-making processes, and this could enhance public trust in what is a politically-sensitive area of governance at EU level.