Health impacts of domestic coal use in China
Health impacts of domestic coal use in China
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.7.3427
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发表时间：
1999-03-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Zheng, BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finkelman, RB;Belkin, HE;Zheng, BS
家庭燃煤对全世界数百万人的健康产生了深远的不利影响。仅在中国，就有数亿人通常在无通风口的炉子中燃烧原煤，这些炉子充满了高浓度的有毒金属和有机化合物。在中国西南部的贵州省，至少有3,000人患有严重的砷中毒。砷的主要来源似乎是食用用高砷煤燃烧的干辣椒。该地区的煤样品中发现砷含量高达35，000 ppm。在高砷煤火上干燥的辣椒平均吸附500 ppm的砷。贵州省及周边地区有1000多万人患有氟牙症和氟骨症，过量的氟是由于食用高氟煤和高氟粘土粘合剂制成的煤球干燥的玉米造成的。煤燃烧过程中形成的多环芳烃被认为是导致中国部分地区食管癌和肺癌高发的原因。家庭燃煤也造成硒中毒，可能还有汞中毒。更好地了解煤炭质量参数可能有助于减少其中一些健康问题。例如，关于煤中潜在有毒元素的浓度和分布的信息可能有助于划定应避开的煤存款区域。这些元素的存在方式和煤中矿物和显微组分的结构关系的信息可能有助于预测潜在的有毒组分在煤燃烧过程中的行为。
Domestic coal combustion has had profound adverse effects on the health of millions of people worldwide. In China alone several hundred million people commonly burn raw coal in unvented stoves that permeate their homes with high levels of toxic metals and organic compounds. At least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province in southwest China are suffering from severe arsenic poisoning. The primary source of the arsenic appears to be consumption of chili peppers dried over fires fueled with high-arsenic coal. Coal samples in the region were found to contain up to 35,000 ppm arsenic. Chili peppers dried over high-arsenic coal fires adsorb 500 ppm arsenic on average. More than 10 million people in Guizhou Province and surrounding areas suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis, The excess fluorine is caused by eating corn dried over burning briquettes made from high-fluorine coals and high-fluorine clay binders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during coal combustion are believed to cause or contribute to the high incidence of esophageal and lung cancers in parts of China. Domestic coal combustion also has caused selenium poisoning and possibly mercury poisoning. Better knowledge of coal quality parameters may help to reduce some of these health problems. For example, information on concentrations and distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal may help delineate areas of a coal deposit to be avoided. Information on the modes of occurrence of these elements and the textural relations of the minerals and macerals in coal may help predict the behavior of the potentially toxic components during coal combustion.