Urbanization And Development: The Rural-urban Transition In Taiwan
Urbanization And Development: The Rural-urban Transition In Taiwan
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城市化与发展：台湾城乡转型
DOI：
10.2307/2074205
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Tsay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Speare;P. K. Liu;C. Tsay
本书探讨了发展中国家人口和经济变化的模式，重点是台湾的城市化和移民，并调查了这些过程与人口规模和经济增长之间的联系。在过去的几十年里，台湾已经从一个农村社会转变为一个城市社会，并经历了从高出生率到低死亡率的人口转变。1980年代中期的估计表明，台湾的特点是预期寿命为73岁，婴儿死亡率低于10/1000活产，总和生育率仅为1.9个孩子/妇女。三分之二的人口居住在城市地区。这些人口指标使台湾跻身于世界上最发达的国家之列。在过去几十年中，经济从农业转向工业，从地方贸易转向国际贸易，从相对简单的经济专业化和多样化转向更复杂的经济专业化和多样化。台湾的人口转变通常归因于广泛的计划生育计划的发展，争论的焦点集中在其在生育率下降中的作用。在本书中，作者记录了另一个人口过程在台湾移民社会经济发展中的核心作用。从农村到城市的迁移是台湾经济发展和人口革命的一部分。作者使用广泛的调查数据来捕捉决策过程，具体说明了决定移民的4个因素：1）原籍地的社会和经济纽带2）目的地的居住和工作满意度3）对其他地方机会的认识4）预期的成本和收益。这些移民决定因素的规格是编织在一起的社会学和经济模型和实证调查个人和家庭一级的移动决定的基础。
This volume examines patterns of demographic and economic change in developing nations by focusing on urbanization and migration in Taiwan and by investigating the linkages between these processes and increases in population size and growth of the economy. Over the last several decades Taiwan has been transformed from a rural to an urban society and has undergone the demographic transition from high to low birth and death rates. Estimates for the mid-1980s suggest that Taiwan is characterized by a life expectancy of 73 years infant mortality rates of less than 10/1000 live births and a total fertility rate of only 1.9 children/woman. Fully 2/3 of its population live in places designated as urban. These demographic indicators place Taiwan among the most developed nations of the world. The economy has shifted over the last several decades from agriculture to industry from local to international trade and from relatively simple to more complex economic specialization and diversification. The demographic transformation in Taiwan is usually attributed to the development of an extensive family planning program and the debate has centered over its role in the fertility decline. In this volume the authors have documented the central role of another demographic process in the socioeconomic development of Taiwan migration. Movement from rural areas to urban places was part of the economic development and the demographic revolutions that characterized Taiwan. Using extensive survey data to capture the decision-making process the authors specify 4 factors that are involved in determining migration: 1) the social and economic bonds at places of origin 2) residential and job satisfaction at places of destination 3) awareness of opportunities elsewhere and 4) the expected costs and benefits of the move. The specification of these migration determinants is the basis for weaving together sociological and economic models and investigating empirically individual- and household-level decisions to move.