The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia
The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia
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战争机器：塞拉利昂和利比里亚的年轻人与暴力
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Danny Hoffman
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作者：
Danny Hoffman
在《战争机器》一书中，丹尼·霍夫曼考虑了年轻人是如何在战场上、钻石矿、橡胶种植园和西非其他不受管制的行业中从事暴力劳动的。根据他对塞拉利昂和利比里亚最近内战期间民兵组织的民族志研究，霍夫曼追踪了20世纪90年代中期从塞拉利昂基层社区防御组织进入大量雇佣军的年轻战士的道路。
霍夫曼认为，在当代西非，空间、社会和生活本身都是围绕着让年轻人从事各种危险工作而组织起来的。根据他过去九年的民族志研究，以及暴力人类学，跨学科安全研究和当代批判理论，他认为西非男子的动员体现了战争和安全行动外包的全球趋势。伊拉克、阿富汗和越来越多的后殖民空间的暴力政治经济背后也有类似的动力。作为一名经验丰富的摄影记者，霍夫曼将他拍摄的50多张西非年轻人的照片整合到了《战争机器》中。
In The War Machines , Danny Hoffman considers how young men are made available for violent labor both on the battlefields and in the diamond mines, rubber plantations, and other unregulated industries of West Africa. Based on his ethnographic research with militia groups in Sierra Leone and Liberia during those countries’ recent civil wars, Hoffman traces the path of young fighters who moved from grassroots community-defense organizations in Sierra Leone during the mid-1990s into a large pool of mercenary labor.
Hoffman argues that in contemporary West Africa, space, sociality, and life itself are organized around making young men available for all manner of dangerous work. Drawing on his ethnographic research over the past nine years, as well as the anthropology of violence, interdisciplinary security studies, and contemporary critical theory, he maintains that the mobilization of West African men exemplifies a global trend in the outsourcing of warfare and security operations. A similar dynamic underlies the political economy of violence in Iraq, Afghanistan, and a growing number of postcolonial spaces. An experienced photojournalist, Hoffman integrates more than fifty of his photographs of young West Africans into The War Machines .