Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Have our experiments and indices been underestimating the role of facilitation?
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Have our experiments and indices been underestimating the role of facilitation?
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.13665
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
A. Wright;K. Barry;C. Lortie;R. Callaway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wright;K. Barry;C. Lortie;R. Callaway
经过25年的生物多样性实验，很明显，高生物多样性(B)植物群落通常比低多样性群落更具生产力，并且往往具有更大的生态系统功能(EF)。然而，这种积极的生物多样性-生态系统功能(BEF)关系背后的机制仍然知之甚少。过去BEF研究的绝大多数工作都集中在数学划分的互补性和选择效应的作用上。虽然这些数学方法提供了对潜在机制的洞察，但它们强烈关注竞争和资源划分。重要的是，数学上划分的互补效应包括多种促进机制，包括稀释特定物种的病原体、土壤养分循环的积极变化、联合防御和小气候改善。综合。这一特别功能采取了一种实验性和机械性的方法，梳理出积极的BEF关系背后的促进机制。作为一个例子，我们展示了在小气候改善方面由多样性驱动的变化。这篇专题文章探讨了光抑制、小气候的实验操作、植物树冠效应的激光雷达检查以及高阶营养相互作用作为经典BEF过程背后的促进机制。我们强调，未来的BEF实验需要理清与生态位互补相互关联的促进机制，以更好地理解生物多样性调节地球生命的基本过程。
After 25 years of biodiversity experiments, it is clear that higher biodiversity (B) plant communities are usually more productive and often have greater ecosystem functioning (EF) than lower diversity communities. However, the mechanisms underlying this positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship are still poorly understood. The vast majority of past work in BEF research has focused on the roles of mathematically partitioned complementarity and selection effects. While these mathematical approaches have provided insights into underlying mechanisms, they have focused strongly on competition and resource partitioning. Importantly, mathematically partitioned complementarity effects include multiple facilitative mechanisms, including dilution of species‐specific pathogens, positive changes in soil nutrient cycling, associational defence and microclimate amelioration. Synthesis. This Special Feature takes an experimental and mechanistic approach to teasing out the facilitative mechanisms that underlie positive BEF relationships. As an example, we demonstrate diversity‐driven changes in microclimate amelioration. Articles in this Special Feature explore photoinhibition, experimental manipulations of microclimate, lidar examinations of plant canopy effects and higher‐order trophic interactions as facilitative mechanisms behind classic BEF processes. We emphasize the need for future BEF experiments to disentangle the facilitative mechanisms that are interlinked with niche complementarity to better understand the fundamental processes by which diversity regulates life on Earth.