Granularity and the acquisition of grammatical gender: How order-of-acquisition affects what gets learned
Granularity and the acquisition of grammatical gender: How order-of-acquisition affects what gets learned
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2011.10.009
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ramscar, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnon, Inbal;Ramscar, Michael
为什么成人语言学习者通常不能以本族语熟练地习得第二语言？先前的语言经验是否会影响成年人在学习中注意的“单位”的大小，如果是这样，这是如何影响学到的东西的？在这里，我们研究这些问题的语法性别，成人学习者几乎总是努力掌握。我们提出了一个学习模型，预测暴露于较小的单位（如名词）之前，暴露于较大的语言单位（如句子）可以严重损害学习单位之间的预测关系：如名词和它的文章之间。这一预测随后被一项研究所证实，该研究是对成年参与者在人工语言中学习语法性别的研究。当成年人第一次听到名词与他们的文章一起使用时，他们会更好地学习名词和他们的文章，而不是单独听到名词，相比之下，学习者首先听到孤立的名词，然后再听到它们在上下文中使用。根据这些结果，我们讨论了性别在语言中的作用，意义在人工语法学习中的重要性，以及这项工作对L2培训结构的影响。(C)2011 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Why do adult language learners typically fail to acquire second languages with native proficiency? Does prior linguistic experience influence the size of the "units" adults attend to in learning, and if so, how does this influence what gets learned? Here, we examine these questions in relation to grammatical gender, which adult learners almost invariably struggle to master. We present a model of learning that predicts that exposure to smaller units (such as nouns) before exposure to larger linguistic units (such as sentences) can critically impair learning about predictive relations between units: such as that between a noun and its article. This prediction is then confirmed by a study of adult participants learning grammatical gender in an artificial language. Adults learned both nouns and their articles better when they were first heard nouns used in context with their articles prior to hearing the nouns individually, compared with learners who first heard the nouns in isolation, prior to hearing them used in context. In the light of these results, we discuss the role gender appears to play in language, the importance of meaning in artificial grammar learning, and the implications of this work for the structure of L2-training. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.