Transcriptome analysis of predator- and prey-induced phenotypic plasticity in the Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus)
Transcriptome analysis of predator- and prey-induced phenotypic plasticity in the Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus)
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13228
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Nishimura, Kinya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsunami, Masatoshi;Kitano, Jun;Nishimura, Kinya
捕食者和猎物诱导的表型可塑性在两栖类物种中被广泛观察到。虽然生态因素诱导不同的表型反应已被广泛的特点，我们知道的表型可塑性变化的分子基础。北海道蝾螈的幼体，Hynobius retardatus，表现出两种不同的形态：它们的猎物，蛙pirica蝌蚪的存在下，诱导宽头攻击形态，和捕食性的蝾螈（Aeshna nigroflava）的存在下，诱导防御形态与扩大的外部鳃和高尾。为了比较捕食者和猎物诱导的表型可塑性的基因，我们进行了从头转录组分析的北海道蝾螈幼虫暴露于猎物或捕食者的个人。首先，我们发现参与防御变体表达的基因数量大约是参与攻击变体表达的基因数量的五倍。这一结果与捕食者诱导的可塑性比猎物诱导的可塑性涉及更剧烈的形态变化的事实是一致的。第二，我们发现，特定的基因组在攻击和防御变体的诱导过程中被上调，但其他基因则特异于一种或另一种变体的表达。由于每个变体的表达都使用了共享和独特的分子机制，因此新的塑料表型的进化可能涉及预先存在的分子机制的共同选择和新的调控机制的获得。
Predator- and prey-induced phenotypic plasticity is widely observed among amphibian species. Although ecological factors inducing diverse phenotypic responses have been extensively characterized, we know little about the molecular bases of variation in phenotypic plasticity. Larvae of the Hokkaido salamander, Hynobius retardatus, exhibit two distinct morphs: the presence of their prey, Rana pirica tadpoles, induces a broad-headed attack morph, and the presence of predatory dragonfly nymphs (Aeshna nigroflava) induces a defence morph with enlarged external gills and a high tail. To compare the genes involved in predator- and prey-induced phenotypic plasticity, we carried out a de novo transcriptome analysis of Hokkaido salamander larvae exposed to either prey or predator individuals. First, we found that the number of genes involved in the expression of the defence morph was approximately five times the number involved in the expression of the attack morph. This result is consistent with the fact that the predator-induced plasticity involves more drastic morphological changes than the prey-induced plasticity. Second, we found that particular sets of genes were upregulated during the induction of both the attack and defence morphs, but others were specific to the expression of one or the other morph. Because both shared and unique molecular mechanisms were used in the expression of each morph, the evolution of a new plastic phenotype might involve both the co-option of pre-existing molecular mechanisms and the acquisition of novel regulatory mechanisms.