Parasitoid encapsulation as a defense mechanism in the Coccoidea (Homoptera) and its importance in biological control
Parasitoid encapsulation as a defense mechanism in the Coccoidea (Homoptera) and its importance in biological control
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DOI：
10.1006/bcon.1997.0502
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Blumberg, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blumberg, D
胶囊化是寄主昆虫对后生动物、寄生蜂或其他外来生物入侵的一种常见的防御机制。在囊化过程中，寄主在寄生虫卵或幼虫周围形成一个囊膜，通常由寄主血细胞和黑色素组成。该胶囊可以杀死寄生蜂，从而防止成功的寄生。胶囊化可能会对寄生蜂的生物防治程度产生不利影响，因为它可能会阻止外来寄生蜂在新的区域建立，或者会降低寄生蜂的药效。寄生寄生的高发生率也会造成寄生寄生的困难。在同翅目的Coccoidae(同翅目)中，迄今为止已在3个科中记录到寄生蜂：Cocidae(软鳞虫)、Diaspididae(装甲介壳虫)和Passoocidae(Malybugs)，描述了这些因素对寄主和寄生蜂种类、寄主的生理年龄和生理条件、寄主来源(或菌株)、超寄生、饲养和/或环境温度以及寄主植物对寄生寄生的影响。(C)1997年学术出版社。
Encapsulation is a common defense mechanism exerted by a host insect in response to invasion by a metazoan parasitoid or other foreign organisms. In the process of encapsulation, the host forms a capsule around the parasitoid egg or larva, which is usually composed of host blood cells and the pigment melanin. The capsule may kill the parasitoid and thus prevent successful parasitism. Encapsulation may adversely affect the degree of biological control effected by parasitoids as it may either prevent the establishment of exotic parasitoids in new regions or reduce parasitoid efficacy. A high incidence of encapsulation may also cause difficulties in mass rearing of parasitoids, In the Coccoidea (Homoptera), parasitoid encapsulation has so far been recorded in three families: Coccidae (soft scale insects), Diaspididae (armored scale insects), and Pseudococcidae (mealybugs), Important factors that affect the frequency of parasitoid encapsulation in the Coccoidea include: Host and parasitoid species, the host's physiological age and physiological condition, the host origin (or strain), superparasitism, the rearing and/or ambient temperature, and the host plant, The effects of these factors on the incidence of parasitoid encapsulation in the Coccidae, Diaspididae, and Pseudococcidae are described. (C) 1997 Academic Press.