Introduction to the special issue, Integrative neural systems underlying vital aerodigestive tract functions. Madison, Wisconsin, June 17–19, 2010.
Introduction to the special issue, Integrative neural systems underlying vital aerodigestive tract functions. Madison, Wisconsin, June 17–19, 2010.
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特刊简介：重要呼吸消化道功能的综合神经系统。
DOI：
10.1002/hed.21900
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robbins,Joanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kent,RayD;Robbins,Joanne
本期特刊是2010年6月17日至19日在威斯康星州麦迪逊举行的会议的成果，题为“重要的航空消化道功能背后的整合神经系统”。该计划包括3次全体讲座，4次主旨讲座，15篇科学论文。此外，工作组介绍和小组讨论提供了在多学科背景下进行一般性讨论和整合信息的机会。本期特刊旨在传播会议产生的主要结论、潜在的研究方向和考虑应用于临床实践的独特方法。本期收集的稿件包括7篇基于全体会议或主旨演讲的文章、关于喉功能的特邀观点以及会议上工作组讨论的摘要。在这篇介绍性文章中，大写字母的名字是指本期特刊中的文章。空气消化道的解剖系统。会议的焦点是呼吸道，之所以这样命名，是因为这条管道具有通风和吞咽的双重功能。食道有两个主要的分叉，一个分隔口腔和鼻腔，另一个分隔食道和气管。对这个装置的神经控制是通过皮质球系统完成的。桥脑和延髓的感觉核团和运动核团主要负责言语和声音、咀嚼、吞咽和呼吸的运动。在某种程度上，球部控制足以解释这些不同功能的某些方面。然而，这些运动功能中的每一个都可以由皮质活动介导的自愿控制来调节。一个主要的解剖分区可分为咽下和喉上两个部分。喉是这两个部分之间的纽带，在呼吸、发声和摄取食物、液体、分泌物和/或药物方面具有重要而独特的作用。这篇由McCulloch等人撰写的文章讨论了喉的功能，特别集中在1块肌肉--甲状软骨上，以展示声门是如何完成其多重职责的。咽下部分包括气管、支气管树以及与之相关的骨、软骨、肌肉和其他完成重要呼吸功能的组织。通风的目的是在气体交换表面保持高浓度的氧气和低浓度的二氧化碳。这一功能的中断会损害健康，并有可能致命。通风是维持生命的一个重要因素，但呼吸活动在正常情况下会中断
This special issue is an outgrowth of the conference,‘‘Integrative Neural Systems Underlying Vital Aerodigestive Tract Functions,’’held in Madison, Wisconsin, June 17–19, 2010. The program included 3 plenary lectures, 4 keynote lectures, and 15 scientific papers. In addition, workgroup presentations, and panel discussions provided opportunities for general discussion and integration of information in a multidisciplinary context. This special issue is intended to disseminate major conclusions, potential directions for research, and unique approaches for consideration of application to clinical practice arising from the conference. The contributions assembled in this issue include 7 articles based on the plenary or keynote lectures, an invited perspective on laryngeal function, and a summary of workgroup discussions held at the conference. In this introductory article, names printed in upper case refer to articles in this special issue.Anatomic Systems of the Aerodigestive Tract. The focal point of the conference was the aerodigestive tract, so-named because of the dual functions of ventilation and deglutition performed by this conduit. The tract has 2 major bifurcations, 1 that divides the oral and nasal cavities and another that separates the esophagus and the trachea. Neural control over this apparatus is accomplished through the corticobulbar system. Pontine and medullary sensory and motor nuclei have primary responsibility for the movements in speech and voice, chewing, swallowing, and respiration. To some degree, bulbar control suffices to account for certain aspects of these diverse functions. However, each of these motor functions can be modulated by voluntary control mediated by cortical activity. A major anatomic division can be made into infralaryngeal and supralaryngeal components. The larynx, the nexus between these 2 divisions, has important and distinct roles in respiration, vocalization and ingesting food, fluids, secretions, and/or medications. The article by MCCULLOCH ET AL discusses laryngeal functions, with a particular focus on 1 muscle, the thyroarytenoid, to show how the glottis accomplishes its multiple responsibilities. The infralaryngeal components include the tracheobronchial tree and the associated bones, cartilages, muscles, and other tissues that accomplish the vital function of ventilation. The purpose of ventilation is to maintain high concentrations of oxygen and low concentrations of carbon dioxide at the surfaces of gas exchange. Disruption of this function is damaging to health and potentially fatal. Ventilation is a premium concern to maintain life, but respiratory activity underlying ventilation is interrupted normally