EXPECTANCY CHALLENGE AND DRINKING REDUCTION - EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE FOR A MEDIATIONAL PROCESS
EXPECTANCY CHALLENGE AND DRINKING REDUCTION - EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE FOR A MEDIATIONAL PROCESS
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-006x.61.2.344
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发表时间：
1993-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
GOLDMAN, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DARKES, J;GOLDMAN, MS
大量的相关证据支持对酒精期望作用的因果（中介）解释，但确凿的支持需要真正的实验检验。因此，在一项前后测设计中，中度到重度饮酒的男大学生被随机分配到三种条件中的一种：期望挑战（旨在操纵期望水平）、“传统”信息以及仅评估的对照组。与其他两组相比，期望挑战导致饮酒量显著下降。在挑战条件下，测量到的期望下降与饮酒量下降是平行的。传统项目中酒精知识的显著增加与饮酒量下降无关。这些实验结果支持对期望作用的因果（中介）解释。文中讨论了期望的认知（记忆）模型以及针对酗酒和酒精中毒问题的预防和干预项目的意义。
Substantial correlational evidence supports a causal (mediational) interpretation of alcohol expectancy operation, but definitive support requires a true experimental test. Thus, moderate to heavily drinking male college students were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions in a pre-post design: Expectancy challenge (designed to manipulate expectancy levels), ''traditional'' information, and assessment-only control. Expectancy challenge produced significant drinking decreases, compared with the other 2 groups. Decreases in measured expectancies paralleled drinking decreases in the challenge condition, Significant increases in alcohol knowledge in the traditional program were not associated with decreased drinking. These experimental findings support a causal (mediational) interpretation of expectancy operation. The implications fora cognitive (memory) model of expectancies and for prevention and intervention programs for problem drinking and alcoholism are discussed.