Cellular Mechanisms of Ciliary Length Control.
Cellular Mechanisms of Ciliary Length Control.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells5010006
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发表时间：
2016-01-29
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Maskey D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keeling J;Tsiokas L;Maskey D
纤毛和鞭毛是进化上保守的、膜结合的、基于微管的细胞器，位于大多数真核细胞表面。它们在生长、发育、细胞移动和组织稳态过程中协调各种信号通路中发挥重要作用。纤毛结构或功能缺陷与称为纤毛病的多种人类疾病有关。这些疾病影响多种组织，包括但不限于眼睛、肾脏、大脑和肺部。为了启动纤毛发生，许多过程必须同时协调。这些包括细胞周期、囊泡运输和轴突延伸。中心粒在细胞周期进程和纤毛发生中都起着核心作用，使基底体和有丝分裂纺锤体之间的过渡成为这两个过程的组成部分。中心粒的成熟涉及到从细胞分裂到纤毛成核的功能转变，这一转变与中心粒向质膜的迁移和融合同时发生。这种对接过程需要母中心粒远端附属物的几个蛋白质结构。纤毛的装配和维护需要两个不可或缺的过程之间的精确平衡；所谓的组装和拆卸。它们之间的相互作用决定了纤毛的长度。这些过程需要一个高度保守的运输系统，以在纤毛尖端提供必要的物质，并使用基于微管的纤毛内运输（IFT）系统将纤毛周转产物回收到基础。在这篇综述中；我们讨论了纤毛发生的阶段以及控制纤毛长度的机制。
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound, microtubule-based organelles on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in coordinating a variety of signaling pathways during growth, development, cell mobility, and tissue homeostasis. Defects in ciliary structure or function are associated with multiple human disorders called ciliopathies. These diseases affect diverse tissues, including, but not limited to the eyes, kidneys, brain, and lungs. Many processes must be coordinated simultaneously in order to initiate ciliogenesis. These include cell cycle, vesicular trafficking, and axonemal extension. Centrioles play a central role in both cell cycle progression and ciliogenesis, making the transition between basal bodies and mitotic spindle organizers integral to both processes. The maturation of centrioles involves a functional shift from cell division toward cilium nucleation which takes place concurrently with its migration and fusion to the plasma membrane. Several proteinaceous structures of the distal appendages in mother centrioles are required for this docking process. Ciliary assembly and maintenance requires a precise balance between two indispensable processes; so called assembly and disassembly. The interplay between them determines the length of the resulting cilia. These processes require a highly conserved transport system to provide the necessary substances at the tips of the cilia and to recycle ciliary turnover products to the base using a based microtubule intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. In this review; we discuss the stages of ciliogenesis as well as mechanisms controlling the lengths of assembled cilia.