The role of AKT isoforms in glioblastoma: AKT3 delays tumor progression.

The role of AKT isoforms in glioblastoma: AKT3 delays tumor progression.
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AKT亚型在胶质母细胞瘤中的作用:AKT3延缓肿瘤进展。

DOI:
10.1007/s11060-016-2220-z
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发表时间:
2016-10
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Feuerstein, Burt G.
Feuerstein, Burt G.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Joy, Anna;Kapoor, Manisha;Georges, Joseph;Butler, Lacy;Chang, Yongchang;Li, Chaokun;Crouch, Acacia;Smirnov, Ivan;Nakada, Mitsitoshi;Hepler, James;Marty, Max;Feuerstein, Burt G.

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生长因子受体/PI3K/AKT通路是包括胶质母细胞瘤在内的许多肿瘤的重要药物靶点。AKT是该通路的关键节点,有3种亚型,即AKT1、AKT2和AKT3。在这里,我们研究它们在GBM中的作用。我们发现,在一些GBM中存在每一种激活的、Ser473磷酸化的亚型,但表达模式不同。人类GBM患者的预后与AKT1和AKT2的mRNA水平呈正相关,而与AKT3mRNA的水平呈负相关。此外,AKT3mRNA水平在侵袭性较弱的GBM亚型中较高。过表达AKT3提高了基底膜啮齿动物模型的存活率,并降低了胶质瘤细胞的克隆形成效率,但不会降低生长速度。沉默AKT3会减缓一个细胞系的细胞周期进程,并增加另一个细胞系的凋亡率。我们对AKT3底物的研究表明:(1)沉默AKT2和AKT3都会降低GSK3的磷酸化;(2)只有AKT2沉默会降低S6的磷酸化。由于S6磷酸化是mTORC1活性的标志,这表明AKT2激活mTORC1,而AKT3不激活。我们的结果表明,AKT亚型在GBM中具有不同的作用和下游底物。出乎意料的是,他们表明AKT3延缓了肿瘤的进展。因此,抑制AKT3的策略可能对某些GBM患者无济于事。
The growth factor receptor/PI3K/AKT pathway is an important drug target in many cancers including Glioblastoma. AKT, a key node in the pathway, has 3 isoforms, AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Here we investigate their role in GBM. We find each activated, ser473 phosphorylated isoform is present in some GBMs but expression patterns vary. There is a direct relationship between human GBM patient outcome and both AKT1 and AKT2 mRNA levels, but an inverse relationship with AKT3 mRNA. Furthermore, AKT3 mRNA levels were high in a less aggressive GBM subtype. Overexpressing AKT3 improves survival in a rodent model of GBM and decreases colony forming efficiency, but not growth rate, in glioma cells. Silencing AKT3 slows cell cycle progression in one cell line and increases apoptosis in another. Our studies of AKT3 substrates indicate (1) silencing both AKT2 and AKT3 reduces GSK3 phosphorylation (2) only AKT2 silencing reduces S6 phosphorylation. Since S6 phosphorylation is a marker of mTORC1 activity this indicates that AKT2 activates mTORC1, but AKT3 does not. Our results indicate AKT isoforms have different roles and downstream substrates in GBM. Unexpectedly, they indicate AKT3 delays tumor progression. Therefore strategies that inhibit AKT3 may be unhelpful in some GBM patients.
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