Long noncoding RNAs in lipid metabolism.
Long noncoding RNAs in lipid metabolism.
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DOI：
10.1097/mol.0000000000000503
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Moore KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van Solingen C;Scacalossi KR;Moore KJ
非编码RNA已成为细胞和全身脂质代谢的重要调节因子。特别是，已被证明在控制转录和转录后基因调控中发挥多方面的作用的长非编码RNA的神秘类。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的进展，目前的挑战和未来的机会，在了解的作用，lncRNA在调节脂质代谢的健康和疾病。尽管包含了人类基因组的大部分转录活性区域，但lncRNA的功能仍然知之甚少，只有不到1%的人类lncRNA具有功能特征。lncRNA被广泛定义为长度大于200个核苷酸的非蛋白质编码转录物，通过形成RNA-DNA、RNA-蛋白质和RNA-RNA相互作用来执行其功能，这些相互作用通过多种机制调节基因表达，包括染色质的表观遗传重塑、转录激活或抑制、mRNA的转录后调节和蛋白质活性的调节。现在认识到，在脂质代谢中，正如在生物学的其他领域中一样，lncRNA在多个不同水平上调节单个基因和基因网络的表达。最近的研究揭示了lncRNA如何改变系统性和细胞类型特异性胆固醇和甘油三酯代谢的复杂性，这清楚地表明我们已经进入了一个新的发现领域，这既令人生畏又令人兴奋。
Noncoding RNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular and systemic lipid metabolism. In particular, the enigmatic class of long noncoding RNAs have been shown to play multifaceted roles in controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future opportunities in understanding the roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of lipid metabolism during health and disease. Despite comprising the majority of the transcriptionally active regions of the human genome, lncRNA functions remain poorly understood, with fewer than 1% of human lncRNAs functionally characterized. Broadly defined as nonprotein coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, lncRNAs execute their functions by forming RNA–DNA, RNA–protein, and RNA–RNA interactions that regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including epigenetic remodeling of chromatin, transcriptional activation or repression, posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA, and modulation of protein activity. It is now recognized that in lipid metabolism, just as in other areas of biology, lncRNAs operate to regulate the expression of individual genes and gene networks at multiple different levels. The complexity revealed by recent studies showing how lncRNAs can alter systemic and cell-type-specific cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism make it clear that we have entered a new frontier for discovery that is both daunting and exciting.