Population Genetics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae: One Host (Apis mellifera) and Two Different Histories.
Population Genetics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae: One Host (Apis mellifera) and Two Different Histories.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0145609
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bartolomé C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maside X;Gómez-Moracho T;Jara L;Martín-Hernández R;De la Rúa P;Higes M;Bartolomé C
已知有两种小孢子虫可感染蜜蜂：蜜蜂微孢子虫和蜜蜂微孢子虫。尽管后者的群体遗传学数据在过去几年已经发布，但蜜蜂猪笼草的此类信息仍然缺失。在这里，我们分析了来自世界各地的蜜蜂分离株中三个单拷贝基因座（PTP2、PTP3和RPB1）的核苷酸多态性模式，这些分离株自然感染了蜜蜂花（N = 22）或蜜蜂花（N = 23），以提供对蜜蜂花的遗传多样性、人口统计学和进化的新见解，并将其与来自蜜蜂的证据进行比较。 中华猪笼草。蜜蜂猪笼草和蜜蜂猪笼草的中性变异约为 1%。这种多样性表明这些寄生虫中存在的两个细胞核的遗传内容之间没有实质性差异，并且遗传重组的证据为染色体之间遗传信息的流动提供了假定的机制。对中性变异的频谱分析揭示了低频变异的显着过剩，特别是在中华蜜蜂中，并表明这两种病原体的种群并未处于突变漂移平衡，并且它们经历了种群扩张。这两个物种的大部分变异都发生在蜜蜂群体内（占总遗传变异的 62%-90%），尽管在蜜蜂中，有证据表明从不同的蜜蜂蜜蜂谱系中分离出的寄生虫之间存在差异（占总变异的 20%-34%），特别是从谱系 A 和 C（或 M）收集的寄生虫之间存在差异。这种情况与长期的宿主-寄生虫关系一致，并与在中华蜜蜂中观察到的宿主谱系之间缺乏分化（< 4% 的方差）形成鲜明对比，这表明这种新出现的病原体在蜜蜂世界范围内的传播是最近发生的事件。
Two microsporidians are known to infect honey bees: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Whereas population genetics data for the latter have been released in the last few years, such information is still missing for N. apis. Here we analyze the patterns of nucleotide polymorphism at three single-copy loci (PTP2, PTP3 and RPB1) in a collection of Apis mellifera isolates from all over the world, naturally infected either with N. apis (N = 22) or N. ceranae (N = 23), to provide new insights into the genetic diversity, demography and evolution of N. apis, as well as to compare them with evidence from N. ceranae. Neutral variation in N. apis and N. ceranae is of the order of 1%. This amount of diversity suggests that there is no substantial differentiation between the genetic content of the two nuclei present in these parasites, and evidence for genetic recombination provides a putative mechanism for the flow of genetic information between chromosomes. The analysis of the frequency spectrum of neutral variants reveals a significant surplus of low frequency variants, particularly in N. ceranae, and suggests that the populations of the two pathogens are not in mutation-drift equilibrium and that they have experienced a population expansion. Most of the variation in both species occurs within honey bee colonies (between 62%-90% of the total genetic variance), although in N. apis there is evidence for differentiation between parasites isolated from distinct A. mellifera lineages (20%-34% of the total variance), specifically between those collected from lineages A and C (or M). This scenario is consistent with a long-term host-parasite relationship and contrasts with the lack of differentiation observed among host-lineages in N. ceranae (< 4% of the variance), which suggests that the spread of this emergent pathogen throughout the A. mellifera worldwide population is a recent event.