NEAT1 and paraspeckles in neurodegenerative diseases: A missing lnc found?
NEAT1 and paraspeckles in neurodegenerative diseases: A missing lnc found?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.003
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Shelkovnikova, Tatyana A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
An, Haiyan;Williams, Non G;Shelkovnikova, Tatyana A
神经退行性疾病是全世界最常见的残疾原因之一。尽管神经退行性疾病的临床特征和基础生理学各不相同，但它们的特征都是特定神经元群的逐渐丧失。最近的实验证据表明，长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 在中枢神经系统健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用。核副斑点组装转录本 1 (NEAT1) 是一种丰富的、普遍表达的 lncRNA，它为细胞核或核体（即副斑点）中的特定 RNA 颗粒形成支架。副斑点充当通常受神经退行性疾病影响的细胞过程的分子中心。对患病人体组织的转录组分析表明，在主要神经退行性疾病以及某些疾病模型中，中枢神经系统中的 NEAT1 水平发生了改变。尽管很明显 NEAT1 表达（在某些情况下，旁斑组装）的变化伴随着神经元损伤，但我们对 NEAT1 对疾病发病机制的贡献的了解仍然很初级。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 NEAT1 参与与神经退行性疾病相关的分子过程以及 NEAT1 在此类疾病中失调的现有知识，特别关注肌萎缩侧索硬化症。这篇综述的目的是引起神经退行性疾病领域研究人员对 NEAT1 和 paraspeckles 的关注。
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most common causes of disability worldwide. Although neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous in both their clinical features and the underlying physiology, they are all characterised by progressive loss of specific neuronal populations. Recent experimental evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the CNS in health and disease. Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 (NEAT1) is an abundant, ubiquitously expressed lncRNA, which forms a scaffold for a specific RNA granule in the nucleus, or nuclear body, the paraspeckle. Paraspeckles act as molecular hubs for cellular processes commonly affected by neurodegeneration. Transcriptomic analyses of the diseased human tissue have revealed altered NEAT1 levels in the CNS in major neurodegenerative disorders as well as in some disease models. Although it is clear that changes in NEAT1 expression (and in some cases, paraspeckle assembly) accompany neuronal damage, our understanding of NEAT1 contribution to the disease pathogenesis is still rudimentary. In this review, we have summarised the available knowledge on NEAT1 involvement in the molecular processes linked to neurodegeneration and on NEAT1 dysregulation in this type of disease, with a special focus on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The goal of this review is to attract the attention of researchers in the field of neurodegeneration to NEAT1 and paraspeckles.