Eicosanoids and lung inflammation.
Eicosanoids and lung inflammation.
复制标题
类二十烷酸和肺部炎症。
DOI：
10.1164/arrd.1987.135.5.1176
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HendersonJr,WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HendersonJr,WR
在肺部炎症的产生中可能发挥重要作用的一组有效化学介质是花生四烯酸（5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸）的 20 碳氧化衍生物，称为类二十烷酸 (1)。花生四烯酸代谢的两条主要途径已被描述（图 1）。环氧合酶途径导致形成具有特征性环戊烷环结构的前列腺素和双环血栓烷 (1-3)。脂氧合酶途径会产生不同组的花生四烯酸代谢物，其中包括最近描述的白三烯 (1,4,5)。本综述将重点关注这些花生四烯酸衍生物在介导肺部炎症中的作用。花生四烯酸释放 花生四烯酸主要在细胞磷脂的 2 位上酯化，未酯化形式的花生四烯酸很少 (6)。花生四烯酸构成了兔肺泡巨噬细胞 (7) 和人血单核细胞 (8) 膜脂的近 20%。超微结构研究已经确定了细胞中花生四烯酸的摄取和亚细胞分布。定量电子显微镜放射自显影表明，[3H] 花生四烯酸快速掺入鼠纤维肉瘤细胞的细胞膜中 (9)。核膜和内质网是鼠成纤维细胞中环氧合酶的所在地 (10)。他们
J\potent group of chemical mediators that may play an important role in the production of lung inflammation are the 20-carbon oxygenated derivatives of arachidonic acid (5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid) termed eicosanoids (1). Two major pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism have been described (figure 1). The cyclooxygenase pathway leads to the formation of prostaglandins with their characteristic cyclopentane ring structure and the bicyclic thromboxanes (1-3). The lipoxygenase pathway results in the production of a different group of arachidonate metabolites that include the recently described leukotrienes (1, 4, 5). This review will focus on the role of these arachidonate derivatives in the mediation of pulmonary inflammation.Arachidonic Acid Release Arachidonic acid is primarily esterified at the 2 position of cellular phospholipids with little arachidonate found in unesterified forms (6). Arachidonic acid composes nearly 20% of the membrane lipid of rabbit alveolar macrophages (7) and human blood monocytes (8). Ultrastructural studies have defined the uptake and subcellular distribution of arachidonic acid in cells. Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography has indicated that [3H] arachidonate is rapidly incorporated into cellular membranes in murine fibrosarcoma cells (9). The nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum are the location of cyclooxygenase in murine fibroblasts (10). They