Introduction to Marine Genomics
Introduction to Marine Genomics
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海洋基因组学简介
DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-8639-6_1
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Carvalho G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalho G
海洋生物多样性包括一系列层次，包括遗传、物种、生态系统和功能多样性。这些层次之间的相互作用最终决定了海洋分类群的分布和丰度以及进化潜力和复原力。面对加速的环境变化和生态系统破坏，结构和功能组件的检测和监测变得越来越迫切。经典的生态和保护海洋研究侧重于物种和群落--现在的重点已经转移到提高我们对生物多样性各个组成部分之间关系的理解，特别是它们在生态系统服务（例如全球养分回收和气候）中的作用。在这里，我们强调基因组学和遗传学原理在阐明不同生物多样性水平之间的相互作用，从遗传和细胞，社区和生态系统水平的过程的重要性。基因组学方法在揭示以前未被发现的分类学（例如DNA条形码）、遗传学（例如454测序）和功能（例如基因表达、代谢物分析）多样性方面尤其强大，包括鉴定新物种和代谢途径。
Marine biodiversity encompasses a range of hierarchical levels, including genetic, species, ecosystem and functional diversity. Interactions among such levels determine ultimately the distribution and abundance, as well as evolutionary potential and resilience, of marine taxa. In the face of accelerating environmental change and ecosystem disruption, the detection and monitoring of structural and functional components becomes increasingly urgent. Classical ecological and conservation marine studies focused on species and communities- the emphasis has now shifted to enhancing our understanding of the relationships among the various components of biodiversity, especially their role in ecosystem services such as global nutrient recycling and climate. Here, we highlight the significance of genomics and genetic principles in elucidating the interactions among different biological levels of diversity, from genetic and cellular, to community and ecosystem-level processes. Genomic methods are especially powerful in disclosing previously undetected taxonomic (e.g. DNA barcoding), genetic (e.g. 454 sequencing) and functional (e.g. gene expression, analysis of metabolites) diversity, including the identification of new species and metabolic pathways.