Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) dormancy under mild temperature climate conditions
Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) dormancy under mild temperature climate conditions
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DOI：
10.17660/actahortic.2002.587.47
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发表时间：
2002-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. L. Petri;F. Herter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. L. Petri;F. Herter
温度是控制休眠开始和结束的主要气候因子。与正常冬季条件下生长的梨相比，在温和冬季条件下生长的纳西梨开花、发芽和营养生长的时间更长。当生长在暖冬时，纳什梨会出现生理失调，这与每芽开花数量减少有关。纳什梨的冷藏要求以前有过报道。3到10摄氏度的温度似乎和5摄氏度一样有效。中断冷却对芽的破裂有负面影响。不同品种芽化的有效温度不同。在巴西南部，根据地点和年份的不同，冷却时间从550到950小时不等，主要纳西梨的发芽和开花时间不同，导致异花授粉能力差。矿物油加氰胺氢，弯枝和束枝用于破芽开花。未经化学处理的‘后穗’和‘口穗’花蕾发育迟缓，发芽不良。对于“nijisisiki”，将冷却时间增加到1440小时，可以提高芽破裂率和每个芽的花数。矿物油和氰胺氢处理可使纳西梨的开花时间提前10 ~ 15天。测试了预测休眠硬度的模型，作为确定最佳化学处理时机的一种手段。
Temperature is the main climatic factor controlling the beginning and the ending of dormancy. Nashi pears grown under mild winter present extended period of blooming, bud break, and vegetative growth compared with pears grown under normal winter conditions. When grown under mild winter, Nashi pears develop physiological disorder, which is associated to reducing number of flowers per bud. Chilling requirement for Nashi pear has been previously reported. Temperatures from 3 to 10°C seem to be as effective as 5°C. Chilling interruption negatively affects bud break. Effective temperature for bud break differs among cultivars. As in Southern Brazil number of chilling hours varies from 550 to 950, according to location and year, bud break and blooming differ among main Nashi pears resulting in poor cross-pollination. Mineral oil plus hydrogen cyanamide, branch bending and girdling have been used for bud breaking and blooming. Without chemical treatment 'Housui' and 'Kousui' present delayed and poor bud break. For 'Nijisseiki', increasing chilling up to 1,440 hours results in higher percentage of bud break and flower number per bud. Blooming of Nashi pears may occur 10 to 15 days ahead of normal blooming date according to the timing of mineral oil and hydrogen cyanamide treatments. Models to predict hardness of dormancy are tested as a means to establish best timing of chemical treatment.