Contamination of antibiotics and sul and tet(M) genes in veterinary wastewater, river, and coastal sea in Thailand
Contamination of antibiotics and sul and tet(M) genes in veterinary wastewater, river, and coastal sea in Thailand
复制标题
泰国兽医废水、河流和近海中抗生素以及 sul 和 tet(M) 基因的污染
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148423
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Sukpanyatham Nop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suzuki Satoru;Ogo Mitsuko;Takada Hideshige;Seki Kanako;Mizukawa Kaoruko;Kadoya Aya;Yokokawa Taichi;Sugimoto Yuta;Sato-Takabe Yuki;Boonla Chanchai;Anomasiri Wilai;Sukpanyatham Nop
东南亚的水系统积累了来自多个来源的抗生素和抗生素耐药性基因（ARG），特别是包括人类诊所和动物农场。为了确定抗生素和ARG在自然水环境中的命运，我们监测了泰国这些项目的浓度。在这里，我们显示了高浓度的四环素（72156.9 ng/L）和林可霉素（23968.0 ng/L）在养猪场，其次是萘啶酸在城市运河。城市运河和河流中含有不同分布的抗生素和ARGs。对靶向ARG（包括sul 1、sul 2、sul 3和tet（M））的评估表明，淡水（养猪场废水、河流和运河）始终含有这些ARG，但这些基因在海水中的含量较低。虽然磺胺类药物的浓度很低（<170 ng/mL），但sul 1和sul 2基因在淡水中却很丰富（最低4.4 × 10−3-最高1.0 × 100拷贝/16 S），这表明尽管停止使用这类抗生素，sulgenes还是在很长一段时间内传播。在淡水中普遍分布ofsulgenes似乎是独立的选择压力。相比之下，监测区域的沿海海水没有受到这些抗生素或ARGs的污染。海水中肠杆菌的密度低于淡水，表明进入海水后，具有精氨酸的肠杆菌福尔斯数量下降。从养猪场，通过河流/运河，到沿海海域，四环素类药物和四环素（M）的出现表现出一定的相关性，虽然不是很强。然而，未发现总抗生素浓度与ARG之间的相关性，也未发现磺胺类药物与硫基因之间的相关性。这是第一个全面的研究显示泰国的抗生素和ARGs污染的特点。养猪场是抗生素和ARGs的使用热点，硫杆菌在淡水环境中普遍存在，海水环境中硫杆菌的含量较低。
Water systems in Southeast Asia accumulate antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from multiple origins, notably including human clinics and animal farms. To ascertain the fate of antibiotics and ARGs in natural water environments, we monitored the concentrations of these items in Thailand. Here, we show high concentrations of tetracyclines (72,156.9 ng/L) and lincomycin (23,968.0 ng/L) in pig farms, followed by nalidixic acid in city canals. The city canals and rivers contained diverse distributions of antibiotics and ARGs. Assessments of targeted ARGs, includingsul1,sul2,sul3, andtet(M), showed that freshwater (pig farm wastewater, rivers, and canals) consistently contained these ARGs, but these genes were less abundant in seawater. Although sulfonamides were low concentrations (<170 ng/mL),sul1andsul2genes were abundant in freshwater (minimum 4.4 × 10−3–maximum 1.0 × 100copies/16S), suggesting thatsulgenes have disseminated over a long period, despite cessation of use of this class of antibiotics. Ubiquitous distribution ofsulgenes in freshwater appeared to be independent of selection pressure. In contrast, water of the coastal sea in the monitored area was not contaminated by these antibiotics or ARGs. The density of Enterobacteriales was lower in seawater than in freshwater, suggesting that the number of ARG-possessing Enterobacteriales falls after entering seawater. From the pig farms, through rivers/canals, to the coastal sea, the occurrence of tetracyclines andtet(M) exhibited some correlation, although not a strong one. However, no correlations were found between concentrations of total antibiotics and ARGs, nor between sulfonamides andsulgenes. This is the first comprehensive study showing Thai features of antibiotics and ARGs contaminations. The pig farm is hot spot of antibiotics and ARGs, andsulgenes ubiquitously distribute in freshwater environments, which become less abundant in seawater.