Trait-based sensitivity of large mammals to a catastrophic tropical cyclone
Trait-based sensitivity of large mammals to a catastrophic tropical cyclone
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大型哺乳动物对灾难性热带气旋的基于性状的敏感性
DOI：
10.1038/s41586-023-06722-0
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Bouley, Paola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Walker, Reena H.;Hutchinson, Matthew C.;Becker, Justine A.;Daskin, Joshua H.;Gaynor, Kaitlyn M.;Palmer, Meredith S.;Gonçalves, Dominique D.;Stalmans, Marc E.;Denlinger, Jason;Bouley, Paola
极端天气事件扰乱生态系统，并日益威胁生物多样性。生态学家强调需要预测和减轻这些事件的影响，这需要了解风险是如何在物种和环境之间分布的。然而，极端事件的规模和不可预测性使风险评估复杂化，特别是对大型动物（巨型动物），这些动物在生态上很重要，受到的威胁不成比例，但分布广泛，难以监测。假设体型、扩散能力和栖息地归属等特征决定了动物对自然灾害的脆弱性。然而，很少有可能检验这些假设，或者更一般地说，将与天气有关的干扰的短期和长期生态影响联系起来。在这里，我们展示了莫桑比克的大型食草动物和食肉动物是如何应对强烈热带气旋伊代的，这是非洲有记录以来最致命的风暴，从登陆后数小时内的个体决定到近2年后群落组成的变化。动物对不断上涨的洪水的行为反应是向上坡移动并改变饮食。体型和栖息地关联独立地预测了种群水平的影响：在登陆后的20个月内，5种最小和最低地的食草动物物种平均下降了28%，而4种最大和最高地的食草动物物种平均增加了26%。我们将小体物种的敏感性归因于它们有限的流动性和生理限制，这限制了它们躲避洪水和忍受随后食物数量和质量减少的能力。我们的研究结果确定了控制动物对恶劣天气反应的一般特征，这可能有助于在不稳定的气候下保护野生动物。
Extreme weather events perturb ecosystems and increasingly threaten biodiversity. Ecologists emphasize the need to forecast and mitigate the impacts of these events, which requires knowledge of how risk is distributed among species and environments. However, the scale and unpredictability of extreme events complicate risk assessment, , –—especially for large animals (megafauna), which are ecologically important and disproportionately threatened but are wide-ranging and difficult to monitor. Traits such as body size, dispersal ability and habitat affiliation are hypothesized to determine the vulnerability of animals to natural hazards,,. Yet it has rarely been possible to test these hypotheses or, more generally, to link the short-term and long-term ecological effects of weather-related disturbance,. Here we show how large herbivores and carnivores in Mozambique responded to Intense Tropical Cyclone Idai, the deadliest storm on record in Africa, across scales ranging from individual decisions in the hours after landfall to changes in community composition nearly 2 years later. Animals responded behaviourally to rising floodwaters by moving upslope and shifting their diets. Body size and habitat association independently predicted population-level impacts: five of the smallest and most lowland-affiliated herbivore species declined by an average of 28% in the 20 months after landfall, while four of the largest and most upland-affiliated species increased by an average of 26%. We attribute the sensitivity of small-bodied species to their limited mobility and physiological constraints, which restricted their ability to avoid the flood and endure subsequent reductions in the quantity and quality of food. Our results identify general traits that govern animal responses to severe weather, which may help to inform wildlife conservation in a volatile climate.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.04.002
发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
5
作者：
Cabral, Pedro;Augusto, Gabriela;Santha, Rubini
通讯作者：
Santha, Rubini
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
M. Stalmans;T. Massad;M. Peel;C. Tarnita;R. Pringle
通讯作者：
M. Stalmans;T. Massad;M. Peel;C. Tarnita;R. Pringle
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Guihua Wang;Ling-long Wu;W. Mei;S. Xie
通讯作者：
Guihua Wang;Ling-long Wu;W. Mei;S. Xie
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Cook, Rachel C.;Cook, John G.;Miller, Patrick J.
通讯作者：
Miller, Patrick J.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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