STATAWAARS: a promoter motif associated with spatial expression in the major effector-producing tissues of the plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
STATAWAARS: a promoter motif associated with spatial expression in the major effector-producing tissues of the plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-018-4908-2
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发表时间：
2018-07-27
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Jones JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espada M;Eves-van den Akker S;Maier T;Vijayapalani P;Baum T;Mota M;Jones JT
植物寄生线虫对世界范围内的多种作物和森林物种造成严重损害。松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）是一种迁移性内寄生线虫，是一种感染松树的检疫性病原体，对林业造成巨大的不利经济影响。在一定的环境条件下，大面积受感染的树木可以被破坏，导致生态规模的破坏。嗜木芽孢杆菌与植物的相互作用是由咽腺细胞分泌的效应蛋白介导的。鉴定效应物对了解寄生机理和制定新的病原菌防治措施具有重要意义。使用在囊肿线虫中率先采用的方法，我们分析了一小组先前验证的来自B. xylophilus的咽腺细胞效应子的启动子区域，以确定相关的推定调控启动子基序：STATAWAARS。STATAWAARS存在于未表征基因的启动子区域，预示着相应基因编码一种推定分泌的蛋白质，与效应功能一致。此外，我们能够通过实验验证含有statawaars的基因子集在咽腺中特异性表达。最后，我们通过直接测序咽腺细胞mRNA，独立验证了STATAWAARS与组织特异性表达的关联。我们结合了一系列的标准，包括STATAWAARS预测和腺体细胞转录组的丰度，以生成一个全面的木嗜杆菌效应库。这种方法强调的基因包括许多以前描述的效应和一系列新的“先锋”效应。我们在效应调节领域提供了重大的科学进展。我们发现了一个新的启动子基序（STATAWAARS）与咽部腺细胞的表达相关。我们的数据，加上以前的研究，表明谱系特异性启动子基序是线虫门效应调节的一个主题。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s12864-018-4908-2）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of crop and forest species worldwide. The migratory endoparasitic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, (pinewood nematode) is a quarantine pathogen that infects pine trees and has a hugely detrimental economic impact on the forestry industry. Under certain environmental conditions large areas of infected trees can be destroyed, leading to damage on an ecological scale. The interactions of B. xylophilus with plants are mediated by secreted effector proteins produced in the pharyngeal gland cells. Identification of effectors is important to understand mechanisms of parasitism and to develop new control measures for the pathogens. Using an approach pioneered in cyst nematodes, we have analysed the promoter regions of a small panel of previously validated pharyngeal gland cell effectors from B. xylophilus to identify an associated putative regulatory promoter motif: STATAWAARS. The presence of STATAWAARS in the promoter region of an uncharacterized gene is a predictor that the corresponding gene encodes a putatively secreted protein, consistent with effector function. Furthermore, we are able to experimentally validate that a subset of STATAWAARS-containing genes are specifically expressed in the pharyngeal glands. Finally, we independently validate the association of STATAWAARS with tissue-specific expression by directly sequencing the mRNA of pharyngeal gland cells. We combine a series of criteria, including STATAWAARS predictions and abundance in the gland cell transcriptome, to generate a comprehensive effector repertoire for B. xylophilus. The genes highlighted by this approach include many previously described effectors and a series of novel “pioneer” effectors. We provide a major scientific advance in the area of effector regulation. We identify a novel promoter motif (STATAWAARS) associated with expression in the pharyngeal gland cells. Our data, coupled with those from previous studies, suggest that lineage-specific promoter motifs are a theme of effector regulation in the phylum Nematoda. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4908-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.