Work Preferences, Life Values, and Personal Views of Top Math/Science Graduate Students and the Profoundly Gifted: Developmental Changes and Gender Differences During Emerging Adulthood and Parenthood
Work Preferences, Life Values, and Personal Views of Top Math/Science Graduate Students and the Profoundly Gifted: Developmental Changes and Gender Differences During Emerging Adulthood and Parenthood
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016030
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Benbow, Camilla P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferriman, Kimberley;Lubinski, David;Benbow, Camilla P.
在25岁和35岁时，对顶尖数学/科学研究生（275名男性，255名女性）的工作偏好，生活价值观和个人观点进行了评估。在第一项研究中，对工作偏好的分析揭示了发展变化和优先事项的性别差异：随着时间的推移，一些性别差异有所增加，父母之间的差异比无子女的参与者更大，似乎是因为母亲的优先事项发生了变化。在第二项研究中，研究人员将研究生在35岁时的人生价值观和个人观点的性别差异与极有天赋的参与者进行了比较（在13岁时确定并跟踪了20年的前1名：265名男性，84名女性）。同样，父母之间的性别差异更大。在这两个群体中，男性似乎比女性更具代理力，更注重职业生涯，更重视创造高影响力的产品，获得补偿，承担风险，并获得认可，成为他们领域的佼佼者。女性似乎更倾向于社区、整体的观点，强调社区、家庭、友谊，而较少花时间在事业上。生活优先事项方面的性别差异在为人父母期间加剧，预计在高级别和时间密集型职业中，甚至在能力、职业兴趣和教育经历相似的有才华的男子和妇女中，男女代表性也存在差异。
Work preferences, life values, and personal views of top math/science graduate students (275 men, 255 women) were assessed at ages 25 and 35 years. In Study I, analyses of work preferences revealed developmental changes and gender differences in priorities: Some gender differences increased over time and increased more among parents than among childless participants, seemingly because the mothers' priorities changed. In Study 2, gender differences in the graduate students' life values and personal views at age 35 were compared with those of profoundly gifted participants (top 1 in 10,000, identified by age 13 and tracked for 20 years: 265 men, 84 women). Again, gender differences were larger among parents. Across both cohorts, men appeared to assume a more agentic, career-focused perspective than women did, placing more importance on creating high-impact products, receiving compensation, taking risks, and gaining recognition as the best in their fields. Women appeared to favor a more communal, holistic perspective, emphasizing community, family, friendships, and less time devoted to career. Gender differences in life priorities, which intensify during parenthood, anticipated differential male-female representation in high-level and time-intensive careers, even among talented men and women with similar profiles of abilities, vocational interests, and educational experiences.