Prevalence, risk factors and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus), Northern China.
Prevalence, risk factors and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus), Northern China.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1356-1
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发表时间：
2016-02-05
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Zhu XQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang XX;Cong W;Lou ZL;Ma JG;Zheng WB;Yao QX;Zhao Q;Zhu XQ
微孢子虫病是世界各地动物和人类的常见疾病。 Enterocytozoon bieneusi 是人类最常见的微孢子虫种类。许多动物物种可能是人类微孢子虫病的潜在来源。然而，有关养殖狐狸（Vulpes lagopus）中 E. bieneusi 感染的流行率和基因型的信息很少。因此，本研究采用遗传学方法研究了中国北方养殖狐狸中 E. bieneusi 的流行率、危险因素和基因型。在来自养殖狐狸的 302 份粪便样本中，有 37 个（12.25%，95% CI 8.55–15.95）对 E. bieneusi PCR 呈阳性，且患病率与养殖模式高度相关，因为户外饲养的狐狸（26.03% 阳性，95% CI 18.91–33.15）的 E. bieneusi 患病率显着高于饲养的狐狸在室内。在阳性样本中鉴定出 11 种内转录间隔区 (ITS) 基因型：四种已知的 E. bieneusi 基因型（Peru 8、IV 型、CHN-DC1 和 D）和 7 种新基因型（NCF1-NCF7）。 NCF2 基因型最常见（n = 13），在三个省（吉林、黑龙江和河北）的 5 个农场中发现。所有基因型均属于系统发育组 1。多位点序列分型 (MLST) 分析揭示了额外的多样性。这些发现表明中国北方养殖的狐狸中存在人畜共患的比氏埃美隆感染。这也是ITS首次结合微卫星和小卫星标记在养殖狐狸中首次报道Peru8、CHN-DC1和Type IV基因型以及7个新基因型（NCF1-NCF7）。研究结果将为预防和控制养殖狐狸、其他动物和人类的比氏埃美隆感染提供基线数据。
Microsporidiosis is a common disease in animals and humans around the world. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species in humans. Many animal species may be a potential source of human microsporidiosis. However, information concerning prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes (Vulpes lagopus) is scarce. Therefore, the present study examined prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed foxes in northern China using a genetic approach. Of 302 fecal samples from farmed foxes, 37 (12.25 %, 95 % CI 8.55–15.95) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi, and the prevalence was highly associated with the farming mode in that foxes raised outdoors (26.03 % positive, 95 % CI 18.91–33.15) had a significantly higher E. bieneusi prevalence than those raised indoors. Eleven internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes were identified among the positive samples: four known E. bieneusi genotypes (Peru 8, Types IV, CHN-DC1 and D) and seven novel genotypes (NCF1-NCF7). Genotype NCF2 was the commonest (n = 13) and was found in five farms across three provinces (Jilin, Heilongjiang and Hebei). All genotypes belonged to phylogenetic group 1. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses revealed additional diversity. These findings indicate the presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes in northern China. This is also the first report of genotypes Peru8, CHN-DC1 and Type IV, and seven novel genotypes (NCF1-NCF7) in farmed foxes by ITS combining with microsatellite and minisatellite markers for the first time. The results will provide baseline data for preventing and controlling E. bieneusi infection in farmed foxes, other animals and humans.