COMMUNICATION OF INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR ATTITUDES BY VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL SIGNALS
COMMUNICATION OF INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR ATTITUDES BY VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL SIGNALS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8260.1970.tb00668.x
复制
发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BURGESS, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARGYLE, M;SALTER, V;BURGESS, P
评分由 18 盘录像带中的 120 名受试者进行，其中关于劣等、平等和优越的言语和非言语线索各不相同，并以 3 × 3 的设计结合在一起。打字的信息（仅口头）由其他受试者进行评分，表演者朗读数字的录像带（仅非口头）也是如此；仅这两组线索对收视率就有相同的影响。综合起来，两种提示的效果都会减弱，但研究发现，非语言提示对评分变化的影响是语言提示的 4.3 倍，并且占最大方差的 10.3 倍；言语暗示只能起到一致的非言语暗示的乘数作用。几乎没有证据表明存在双重束缚效应。对个体差异的分析表明，与言语暗示相比，女性对非言语暗示的反应相对更强烈，并且更多的神经质受试者发现优越（非言语）与劣势（言语）的组合令人不愉快，并且对言语暗示的劣等-优越反应更多。
Ratings were made by 120 subjects of 18 video‐tapes in which verbal and non‐verbal cues for Inferior, Equal and Superior were varied and combined in a 3 times 3 design. The typed messages (verbal alone) were rated by further subjects, as were video‐tapes of a performer reading numbers (non‐verbal alone); the two sets of cues alone had identical effects on ratings. In combination, both kinds of cue had a reduced effect, but it was found that non‐verbal cues now had 4.3 times the effect of verbal cues on shifts of ratings, and accounted for 10.3 times as most variance; verbal cues were only able to act as multipliers of consistent nonverbal cues. There was little evidence of double‐bind effects. Analysis of individual differences showed that females were relatively more responsive to non‐verbal compared with verbal cues, and that more neurotic subjects found the combination of Superior (non‐verbal) with Inferior (verbal) unpleasant, and responded more to verbal cues for Inferior‐Superior.