Economic Systems and Their Impact on Tourist Resort Development: The Case of the Spa in Europe
Economic Systems and Their Impact on Tourist Resort Development: The Case of the Spa in Europe
复制标题
经济体系及其对旅游度假村开发的影响：以欧洲温泉为例
DOI：
10.1177/135481669800400102
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
W. Bacon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Bacon
本文考察了两种截然不同的经济制度对欧洲温泉度假村发展的影响。这些是英国的市场资本主义制度和欧洲大陆的国家管理资本主义制度。作者指出了促进温泉度假村成功的因素，以及与其业务失败相关的因素。他挑战了传统的解释，即海滨度假胜地的时尚性上升导致了英国内陆温泉度假胜地的消亡，并开发了另一种解释。他证明，他们衰落的根源是一个经济原因，即公共和私人投资未能将英国的旅游产品更新到能够在国际市场上有效竞争的水平。这是因为英国的资本主义结构不适合促进投资和创新水平，这是英国水疗中心充分实现现代化所需的，使它们能够有效地与受益于大量公共部门支持的新兴欧洲大陆竞争对手竞争。直到20世纪，温泉在讲英语的上层阶级中仍然很受欢迎；显著的变化是，从19世纪中期开始，一旦他们更喜欢光顾英国的度假胜地，他们就选择去更现代、更有吸引力的欧洲大陆目的地。
This paper examines the impact of two contrasting economic systems upon the development of the European spa resorts. These are British systems of market capitalism and continental European systems of state-managed capitalism. The author identifies factors facilitating the success of spa resorts and also those associated with their business failure. He challenges conventional explanations that the rise in fashionability of seaside resorts led to the demise of the inland British spa resort and develops an alternative explanation. He demonstrates that the root of the explanation for their decline is an economic one, namely a failure of public and private investment to renew the British tourist product to a level where it could compete effectively in the international marketplace. This happened because British structures of capitalism were ill adapted to facilitate the levels of investment and innovation required for British spas to modernize sufficiently to enable them to compete effectively against emerging continental European rivals benefiting from substantial public-sector support. Visiting spas remained popular amongst the English-speaking upper classes into the twentieth century; the significant change was that, whereas once they preferred to patronize British resorts, from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, they chose to visit more modern and attractive continental European destinations.