VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CONSUMPTION AND CANCER RISK
VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CONSUMPTION AND CANCER RISK
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DOI：
10.1002/ijc.2910480307
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发表时间：
1991-05-30
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
PARAZZINI, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NEGRI, E;LAVECCHIA, C;PARAZZINI, F
癌症风险与食用绿色蔬菜和水果的频率之间的关系已通过1983年至1990年在意大利北部进行的一系列综合病例对照研究的数据进行了分析。总体数据集包括以下组织学证实的癌症：口腔和咽喉癌，119例；食管,294;胃,564;结肠,673;直肠,406;肝脏,258;胆囊,41岁;胰腺,303;喉,149;乳房,2860;子宫内膜,567;卵巢,742;前列腺癌,107;膀胱,365;肾脏,147;甲状腺,120;霍奇金氏病，72岁；非霍奇金淋巴瘤，173人；骨髓瘤,117;共有6147名对照组因与长期饮食改变无关的急性非肿瘤性疾病入院。在考虑了年龄、性别、居住地区、教育程度和吸烟等因素后，得出了蔬菜和水果消费的后续分位数的多变量相对危险度（RR）。对于蔬菜来说，对所有上皮性癌症都有一致的保护作用，在食道癌、肝癌和喉癌中，蔬菜的风险比从0.2到乳腺癌的0.7不等。除胆囊癌外，所有癌症的风险趋势都是相同且显著的。相比之下，高蔬菜摄入量对非上皮性淋巴样肿瘤没有保护作用。就水果而言，上消化道和呼吸道的癌症呈强烈的负相关，口腔、咽部、食道和喉部的上五分之一相对于下五分之一的癌症的rr在0.2 - 0.3之间。肿瘤在消化道的位置越低，所提供的保护似乎越弱。在肝脏、胰腺、前列腺和泌尿系统中观察到显著的负相关关系，但在直肠、乳腺癌、女性生殖器癌或甲状腺中则没有。淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤之间没有关系。即使在缺乏明确的生物学解释的情况下，所观察到的模式的一致性和强度表明，在这一人群中，经常摄入绿色蔬菜与几种常见上皮癌的风险大幅降低有关，而摄入水果有有利的效果，特别是对上消化道癌症，可能也对泌尿道肿瘤。
The relationship between cancer risk and frequency of consumption of green vegetables and fruit has been analyzed using data from an integrated series of case-control studies conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 1990. The overall dataset included the following histologically confirmed cancers: oral cavity and pharynx, 119; oesophagus, 294; stomach, 564; colon, 673; rectum, 406; liver, 258; gall-bladder, 41; pancreas, 303; larynx, 149; breast, 2,860; endometrium, 567; ovary, 742; prostate, 107; bladder, 365; kidney, 147; thyroid, 120; Hodgkin's disease, 72; non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 173; myelomas, 117; and a total of 6,147 controls admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to long-term dietary modifications. Multivariate relative risks (RR) for subsequent tertiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were derived after allowance for age, sex, area of residence, education and smoking. For vegetables, there was a consistent pattern of protection for all epithelial cancers, with RRs in the upper tertile ranging from 0.2 for oesophagus, liver and larynx to 0.7 for breast. All the trends in risk were in the same direction and significant for all carcinomas except gall-bladder. In contrast, no protection was afforded by high vegetable consumption against non-epithelial lymphoid neoplasms. With reference to fruit, strong inverse relationships were observed for cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract, with RRs in the upper tertile between 0.2 and 0.3 for oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus and larynx relative to the lowest tertile. The lower the location of the tumour in the digestive tract, the weaker appeared to be the protection afforded. Significant inverse relationships were observed for liver, pancreas, prostate and urinary sites, but not for rectum, breast and female genital cancers or thyroid. No relationship emerged for lymphomas and myelomas. Even in the absence of a clear biological interpretation, the consistency and strength of the patterns observed indicate that, in this population, frequent green vegetable intake is associated with a substantial reduction of risk for several common epithelial cancers, and that fruit intake has a favourable effect, especially on upper digestive cancers and, probably, also on urinary tract neoplasms.