SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND SOCIAL IDENTITY
SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND SOCIAL IDENTITY
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社会代表和社会身份
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Breakwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Breakwell
多伊丝（正在出版）强调，研究人员只将实证工作集中在社会表征理论的一个方面。他们主要关注描述现有表征的内容，或者对研究锚定和客观化如何运作感兴趣。他们基本上没有探索莫斯科维奇的假设，即在元系统层面上，社会群体如何生成服务于群体目的的表征。代表服务于不同类型的群体利益，莫斯科维奇描述了三种：扩散、传播和宣传。服务于这三个交际目的的表示具有不同的结构和组织。它们的不同之处特别在于它们在一个群体或一个亚群体内一致共享的程度。社会表征的定义属性不仅仅是它应该被共享。表征的预测内部结构以及它在可识别群体或社会类别中的分散程度将取决于它所服务的功能。这对于探索社会表征时应采用的实证方法具有重大影响。它表明群体内的动态和群体间的关系将指导或引导任何特定社会表征的形成。这要求理论家应该对个体的思想、言语和行为所揭示的表征结构与个体在群体中的地位相关联做出清晰的预测。它要求分析群体结构变化对代表性的可能影响。它需要考虑传播社会代表并为其提供使用场所的群体间进程。它强调表征嵌入在复杂的表征网络中，并且由于它们之间的关系，它们很容易发生变化，无论是微妙的还是全局的。
Doise (in press) has emphasised that researchers have focused empirical work on only one aspect of the theory of social representations. They have mainly been concerned either with describing the content of existing representations or they have been interested in examining how anchoring and objectification operate. They have left largely unexplored Moscovici’s hypotheses concerning the ways in which, at the level of the metasystem, social groups generate representations which serve group purposes. Representations serve different types of group interest and Moscovici describes three: diffusion, propagation and propaganda. Representations serving these three communicative purposes have different structures and organisation. They differ particularly in the extent to which they are consensually shared within a group or a subgroup. The defining property of a social representation is not simply that it should be shared. The predicted internal structure of the representation and the extent to which it is dispersed within a recognisable group or social category will depend upon the functions it is serving. This has major implications for the empirical approaches which should be adopted when exploring social representations. It suggests that intra-group dynamics and inter-group relations will direct or channel the formation of any specific social representation. This requires that the theorist should formulate clear predictions concerning the structure of a representation as revealed in the thought, utterances and action of the individual in relation to that individual’s position in a group. It calls for the analysis of likely implications of changes in group structure for the representation. It necessitates consideration of the inter-group processes which promulgate the social representation and afford it a venue in which to be used. It emphasises that representations are embedded in complex representational networks and that they are liable to change, whether subtle or global, as a result of their relationships to each other.