Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters heavily in a few scientific fields
Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters heavily in a few scientific fields
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0234612
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Boyack, Kevin W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ioannidis, John P. A.;Cristea, Ioana-Alina;Boyack, Kevin W.
我们的目的是评估诺贝尔奖（被广泛认为是科学界最负盛名的奖项）是否集中在几个特定学科的工作中。我们绘制了1995-2017年诺贝尔医学奖、物理学奖和化学奖每位获奖者与诺贝尔奖相关的重要出版物。从6300万scopus索引的已发表论文中创建了91726个科学集群地图，这些关键论文仅在其中狭窄的子区域中绘制。对于每一篇重要的诺贝尔论文，在一年内发表了435篇（范围从0到88383）其他scopus索引的文章，被引用的次数比诺贝尔论文多。在114个科学领域中，只有36个获得过诺贝尔奖。114个领域中的5个领域（粒子物理学[14%]、细胞生物学[12.1%]、原子物理学[10.9%]、神经科学[10.1%]、分子化学[5.3%]）占据了最大的份额，总共占诺贝尔奖的52.4%。使用包含849个子领域的更细粒度分类显示，这些子领域中只有71个（8.3%）至少有一篇与诺贝尔奖相关的论文。当我们绘制所有40,819份scopus索引的出版物时，也看到了类似的聚类，这些出版物代表了所有诺贝尔奖获得者的职业生涯。总而言之，获得诺贝尔奖的工作集中在少数科学领域。
We aimed to assess whether Nobel prizes (widely considered the most prestigious award in science) are clustering in work done in a few specific disciplines. We mapped the key Nobel prize-related publication of each laureate awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, Physics, and Chemistry (1995-2017). These key papers mapped in only narrow sub-regions of a 91,726-cluster map of science created from 63 million Scopus-indexed published items. For each key Nobel paper, a median of 435 (range 0 to 88383) other Scopus-indexed items were published within one year and were more heavily cited than the Nobel paper. Of the 114 high-level domains that science can be divided into, only 36 have had a Nobel prize. Five of the 114 domains (particle physics [14%], cell biology [12.1%], atomic physics [10.9%], neuroscience [10.1%], molecular chemistry [5.3%]) have the lion's share, accounting in total for 52.4% of the Nobel prizes. Using a more granular classification with 849 sub-domains shows that only 71 of these sub-domains (8.3%) have at least one Nobel-related paper. Similar clustering was seen when we mapped all the 40,819 Scopus-indexed publications representing the career-long output of all the Nobel laureates. In conclusion, work resulting in Nobel prizes is concentrated in a small minority of scientific disciplines.