BOOK REVIEW: Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows. An Introduction
BOOK REVIEW: Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows. An Introduction
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DOI：
10.1088/0957-0233/12/10/707
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发表时间：
2001-03
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
P. Sagaut
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Sagaut
大涡模拟（LES）是一种基于求解流体非定常大尺度运动的湍流计算方法，而小尺度湍流对大尺度的影响是通过亚网格尺度模型来考虑的。该模型区别于任何其他方法，并且与直接数值模拟相比减少了计算量。另一方面，成本通常比稳定的雷诺平均计算至少要大一个数量级。当统计湍流模型失败时，当需要深入了解物体上的垂直动力学或非定常力时，或者涉及到诸如大规模混合、粒子输运、声音产生等附加特征时，LES方法很有吸引力。近年来，计算机能力的快速增长使LES进入了更广泛的科学界，这反映在关于该方法及其应用的大量论文中。然而，LES的一些基本方面还没有最终解决，这是一个存在于数学、物理、数值和算法问题之间复杂耦合的事实。在这种情况下，获得可用方法和技术的概述是非常重要的。Pierre Sagaut，以法国百科全书的风格，对迄今为止已经发展起来的不同种类的亚网格比例模型给出了非常完整和详尽的处理。在讨论了分解尺度和未分解尺度的分离及其在Navier-Stokes方程中的应用之后，140多页直接用于描述亚网格尺度模型。它们根据不同的标准进行分类，这有助于读者在推理库中找到他或她的方式。这些模型的理论框架主要是各向同性湍流。在两个简明而有用的附录中总结了经典湍流理论和EDQNM理论的必要概念。进一步的章节处理数值和实现问题，边界条件和验证实践。最后一节汇集了几个关键的应用程序，以迄今为止获得的一些一般经验的浓缩列表进行了积累。这本书非常明智地集中在LES的特定问题上，这在很大程度上是亚网格尺度建模。CFD的经典问题，如数值离散方案，求解程序等，或后处理没有解决。作者将自己限制在不可压缩的、非反应的流中，成功地详细描述了基本问题，从而为理解更复杂的情况奠定了基础。这个演示基本上是理论性的，读者应该有一些湍流理论和傅里叶变换的先验知识。文章本身写得很好，总体上很清楚。教学工作在几个地方进行，例如，在详细描述一组模型之前给出一组模型的概述。一些打字错误和技术细节应该在第二版中加以修正，例如，不是投影仪的过滤器是可逆的（第12页），但这并不会损害文本的质量。总的来说，这本书是对LES领域的一个非常相关的贡献，我读得很高兴，也很受益。对于对LES感兴趣或正在实践的科学家和工程师来说，它是一本有价值的参考书，也可以作为研究生课程的教科书。Jochen Frohlich
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is an approach to compute turbulent flows based on resolving the unsteady large-scale motion of the fluid while the impact of the small-scale turbulence on the large scales is accounted for by a sub-grid scale model. This model distinguishes LES from any other method and reduces the computational demands compared with a Direct Numerical Simulation. On the other hand, the cost typically is still at least an order of magnitude larger than for steady Reynolds-averaged computations. The LES approach is attractive when statistical turbulence models fail, when insight into the vortical dynamics or unsteady forces on a body is desired, or when additional features are involved such as large-scale mixing, particle transport, sound generation etc. In recent years the rapid increase of computer power has made LES accessible to a broader scientific community, and this is reflected in an abundance of papers on the method and its applications. Still, however, some fundamental aspects of LES are not conclusively settled, a fact residing in the intricate coupling between mathematical, physical, numerical and algorithmic issues. In this situation it is of great importance to gain an overview of the available approaches and techniques. Pierre Sagaut, in the style of a French encyclopedist, gives a very complete and exhaustive treatment of the different kinds of sub-grid scale models which have been developed so far. After discussing the separation into resolved and unresolved scales and its application to the Navier-Stokes equations, more than 140 pages are directly devoted to the description of sub-grid scale models. They are classified according to different criteria, which helps the reader to find his or her way through the arsenal of reasonings. The theoretical framework for which these models have mostly been developed is isotropic turbulence. The required notions from classical turbulence theory are summarized together with notions from EDQNM theory in two concise and helpful appendices. Further sections deal with numerical and implementational issues, boundary conditions and validation practice. A final section assembles a few key applications, cumulating in a condensed list of some general experiences gained so far. The book very wisely concentrates on issues particular to LES, which to a large extent is sub-grid scale modelling. Classical issues of CFD, such as numerical discretization schemes, solution procedures etc, or post-processing are not addressed. Limiting himself to incompressible, non-reactive flows, the author succeeds in describing the fundamental issues in great detail, thus laying the foundations for the understanding of more complex situations. The presentation is essentially theoretical and the reader should have some prior knowledge of turbulence theory and Fourier transforms. The text itself is well written and generally very clear. A pedagogical effort is made in several places, e.g. when an overview over a group of models is given before these are described in detail. A few typing errors and technical details should be amended in a second edition, though, such as the statement that a filter which is not a projector is invertible (p 12), but this is not detrimental to the quality of the text. Overall the book is a very relevant contribution to the field of LES and I read it with pleasure and benefit. It constitutes a worthy reference book for scientists and engineers interested in or practising LES and may serve as a textbook for a postgraduate course on the subject. Jochen Frohlich