Ecology of congruence: Past meets present
Ecology of congruence: Past meets present
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/10635150490265102
复制
发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Johnson, KP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clayton, DH;Bush, SE;Johnson, KP
系统发育一致性受到各种宏观进化事件的控制，包括共种、宿主转换、排序、复制和物种形成失败。这些事件的相对频率可能受到控制相互作用群体的分布和丰度的因素的影响；即生态因素。如果是这样，就有可能根据两个群体的生态学信息来预测它们之间的系统发育一致性程度。不幸的是，对于许多已进行共系统发育分析的系统来说，没有足够的比较生态数据。咀嚼虱（昆虫纲：Phthiraptera）是一个例外，它寄生在鸟类和哺乳动物身上。对于这些虱子的几个属，现在已经发布了足够的数据来开始探索生态学和一致性之间的关系。一般来说，重要的生态因子与系统发育的一致性程度之间存在对应关系。对这些属的仔细比较表明，对于相关宿主之间的宿主转换，扩散是比建立更根本的障碍。转移实验表明，只要虱子能够分散到与本地宿主大小相似的新宿主上，宿主特异性虱子就可以在这些宿主上生存和繁殖。迄今为止，对寄生虫传播的研究主要是推断性的。为了更好地理解扩散的作用，需要有关扩散频率和距离的更直接的数据。
Phylogenetic congruence is governed by various macroevolutionary events, including cospeciation, host switching, sorting, duplication, and failure to speciate. The relative frequency of these events may be influenced by factors that govern the distribution and abundance of the interacting groups; i.e., ecological factors. If so, it may be possible to predict the degree of phylogenetic congruence between two groups from information about their ecology. Unfortunately, adequate comparative ecological data are not available for many of the systems that have been subjected to cophylogenetic analysis. An exception is provided by chewing lice ( Insecta: Phthiraptera), which parasitize birds and mammals. For a few genera of these lice, enough data have now been published to begin exploring the relationship between ecology and congruence. In general, there is a correspondence between important ecological factors and the degree of phylogenetic congruence. Careful comparison of these genera suggests that dispersal is a more fundamental barrier to host switching among related hosts than is establishment. Transfer experiments show that host-specific lice can survive and reproduce on novel hosts that are similar in size to the native host as long as the lice can disperse to these hosts. To date, studies of parasite dispersal have been mainly inferential. A better understanding of the role of dispersal will require more direct data on dispersal frequency and distances.