The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia*
The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia*
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宗教政治的制度基础：来自印度尼西亚的证据*
DOI：
10.1093/qje/qjz038
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marx, Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bazzi, Samuel;Koehler-Derrick, Gabriel;Marx, Benjamin
本文探讨了宗教在政治和社会中影响的基础。我们表明，一个重要的伊斯兰机构在世界上最大的穆斯林国家印度尼西亚的关键时刻助长了伊斯兰主义的根深蒂固。20世纪60年代初，农村精英将大量土地转移到伊斯兰法律中不可剥夺的慈善信托基金，以避免被国家征用。面临更大征用威胁的地区出现了更普遍的暴力行为和伊斯兰机构，包括清真寺和宗教学校。这些捐赠为保守派力量提供了宣传伊斯兰意识形态和动员起来反对世俗国家所需的资本。我们确定了转移对宗教部门的规模、对伊斯兰政党的选举支持以及通过当地伊斯兰教法的持久影响。这些影响是由政府对宗教的更大需求形成的，而不是选民对宗教的更大虔诚。资产也给当地经济带来了成本，特别是在农业领域，这些天赋与较低的生产率相关。总体而言，我们的发现为伊斯兰主义的起源和后果提供了新的线索。
This article explores the foundations of religious influence in politics and society. We show that an important Islamic institution fostered the entrenchment of Islamism at a critical juncture in Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim country. In the early 1960s, rural elites transferred large amounts of land intowaqf—inalienable charitable trusts in Islamic law—to avoid expropriation by the state. Regions facing a greater threat of expropriation exhibit more prevalentwaqfland and Islamic institutions endowed as such, including mosques and religious schools. These endowments provided conservative forces with the capital needed to promote Islamist ideology and mobilize against the secular state. We identify lasting effects of the transfers on the size of the religious sector, electoral support for Islamist parties, and the adoption of local sharia laws. These effects are shaped by greater demand for religion in government but not by greater piety among the electorate.Waqfassets also impose costs on the local economy, particularly in agriculture, where these endowments are associated with lower productivity. Overall, our findings shed new light on the origins and consequences of Islamism.