Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world
Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/133.5.1485s
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Black, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, RE
锌缺乏症使许多低收入国家的儿童患病和死于传染病的风险增加。补充锌的随机对照试验通过证明预防益处，提供了对这种风险的最佳估计。在9个评估腹泻预防的试验中，有6个试验中，锌组的腹泻发生率明显低于对照组；汇总分析显示腹泻减少18%（95%置信区间，7-28%）。在五个试验中，发现补充锌组的肺炎感染率较低，并且在三个临床疟疾结果的试验中有一些预防效果的迹象。在7项急性腹泻试验和5项持续性腹泻试验中，锌也被发现具有治疗益处。评估锌补充对死亡率影响的研究正在进行中，但印度最近发表的一项研究发现，在1至9个月大的时候补充锌的小胎龄足月婴儿死亡率降低了68%。锌缺乏的重要影响现在很清楚，营养计划应该解决这个普遍的问题。
Zinc deficiency places children in many low-income countries at increased risk of illness and death from infectious diseases. Randomized controlled trials of zinc supplementation provide the best estimate of this risk through demonstrated preventive benefits. In six of nine trials that evaluated prevention of diarrhea, significantly lower incidence of diarrhea occurred in the zinc group than in the controls; a pooled analysis demonstrated 18% (95% confidence interval, 7-28%) less diarrhea. In five trials, a lower rate of pneumonia infection was found in the zinc-supplemented groups, and there was some indication of a preventive effect in three trials with a clinical malaria outcome. Zinc was also found to have a therapeutic benefit in seven trials of acute diarrhea and five of persistent diarrhea. Studies to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on mortality are under way, but a recently published study from India identified a 68% reduction in mortality in small-for-gestational-age term infants that were supplemented with zinc from 1 to 9 mo of age. The important effects of zinc deficiency are now clear, and nutrition programs should address this prevalent problem.